Mitra Amal K, Ahua Emmanuel, Saha Pradip K
Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5122, USA.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2012 Dec;30(4):404-9. doi: 10.3329/jhpn.v30i4.13292.
Lead poisoning is a major public-health problem in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the extent of and risk factors for elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in children in Bangladesh during September 2007-July 2009. The study included 919 children aged less than 16 years. The children were recruited from six urban locations in Dhaka and one rural area in Chirirbandar, Dinajpur. In total, 495 (54%) children had high BLLs (> 10 microg/dL), with higher BLLs observed among children aged 5-9 years compared to children of other ages (p < 0.001). The BLLs among children in urban Dhaka were significantly higher than those in rural areas (13.45 +/- 8.21 microg/dL vs 7.29 +/- 6.25 microg/dL, p < 0.001). The high BLLs correlated with low body mass index (r = -0.23, p < 0.001) and low haemoglobin status (r = -0.10, p = 0.02). On bivariate analysis, proximity to industry (p < 0.001), drinking-water from municipal supply or tubewell (p < 0.001), brass or lead water-taps (p < 0.001), use of melamine plate (p = 0.001), and indigenous medicinal (kabiraji) treatments (p = 0.004) significantly correlated with higher BLLs. Proximity to industry and the use of indigenous medicines remained significant predictors of high BLLs after controlling for the confounders. Several risk factors appropriate for future educational interventions to prevent exposure to lead poisoning were identified.
铅中毒是孟加拉国一个主要的公共卫生问题。2007年9月至2009年7月期间，开展了一项横断面研究，以确定孟加拉国儿童血铅水平（BLL）升高的程度及风险因素。该研究纳入了919名16岁以下儿童。这些儿童来自达卡的六个城市地点和迪纳杰布尔的奇里尔班达尔的一个农村地区。共有495名（54%）儿童血铅水平较高（>10微克/分升），5至9岁儿童的血铅水平高于其他年龄段儿童（p<0.001）。达卡城市儿童的血铅水平显著高于农村地区儿童（分别为13.45±8.21微克/分升和7.29±6.25微克/分升，p<0.001）。高血铅水平与低体重指数（r = -0.23，p<0.001）和低血红蛋白状态（r = -0.10，p = 0.02）相关。在双变量分析中，靠近工业区（p<0.001）、饮用市政供水或管井水（p<0.001）、使用黄铜或铅水龙头（p<0.001）、使用三聚氰胺餐具（p = 0.001）以及接受本土医学（卡比拉吉）治疗（p = 0.004）与较高的血铅水平显著相关。在控制混杂因素后，靠近工业区和使用本土药物仍然是高血铅水平的显著预测因素。确定了一些适合未来教育干预以预防铅中毒暴露的风险因素。
