Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2013 Mar;14(1):13-9. doi: 10.1007/s11154-012-9233-5.
The vascular endothelium has been identified as an important component in diabetes-associated complications, which include many cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, insulin's actions on the endothelium are now seen as a major factor in the metabolic effects of the hormone by increasing access to insulin sensitive tissues. Endothelial function is impaired in diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome, which could reduce insulin access to the tissue, and thus reduce insulin sensitivity independently of direct effects at the muscle cell. As such, the endothelium is a valid target for treatment of both the impaired glucose metabolism in diabetes, as well as the vascular based complications of diabetes. Here we review the basics of the endothelium in insulin action, with a focus on the skeletal muscle as insulin's major metabolic organ, and how this is affected by diabetes. We will focus on the most recent developments in the field, including current treatment possibilities.
血管内皮细胞已被确定为与糖尿病相关并发症的重要组成部分，其中包括许多心血管疾病，如动脉粥样硬化、高血压和周围神经病。此外，胰岛素对内皮细胞的作用现在被认为是激素代谢作用的一个主要因素，它增加了胰岛素进入敏感组织的途径。在糖尿病、肥胖和代谢综合征中，内皮功能受损，这可能会减少胰岛素进入组织的途径，从而降低胰岛素敏感性，而与肌肉细胞的直接作用无关。因此，内皮细胞是治疗糖尿病葡萄糖代谢紊乱以及糖尿病血管并发症的有效靶点。在这里，我们回顾了胰岛素作用中内皮细胞的基础知识，重点介绍了作为胰岛素主要代谢器官的骨骼肌，以及糖尿病是如何影响它的。我们将专注于该领域的最新发展，包括当前的治疗可能性。
