Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2013 Feb;36(2):110-20. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.003. Epub 2013 Jan 18.
Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) engage in relentless restrictive eating and often become severely emaciated. Because there are no proven treatments, AN has high rates of relapse, chronicity, and death. Those with AN tend to have childhood temperament and personality traits, such as anxiety, obsessions, and perfectionism, which may reflect neurobiological risk factors for developing AN. Restricted eating may be a means of reducing negative mood caused by skewed interactions between serotonin aversive or inhibitory and dopamine reward systems. Brain imaging studies suggest that altered eating is a consequence of dysregulated reward and/or awareness of homeostatic needs, perhaps related to enhanced executive ability to inhibit incentive motivational drives. An understanding of the neurobiology of this disorder is likely to be important for developing more effective treatments.
神经性厌食症 (AN) 患者会进行无休止的限制进食，往往会变得非常消瘦。由于没有经过验证的治疗方法，AN 的复发率、慢性率和死亡率都很高。患有 AN 的人往往具有焦虑、痴迷和完美主义等儿童气质和个性特征，这可能反映了患 AN 的神经生物学风险因素。限制进食可能是一种减轻因 5-羟色胺厌恶或抑制与多巴胺奖励系统之间的异常相互作用引起的负面情绪的方法。大脑成像研究表明，改变的进食行为是奖励和/或对体内平衡需求的意识失调的结果，这可能与增强抑制激励动机的执行能力有关。对这种疾病的神经生物学的理解可能对开发更有效的治疗方法很重要。
