Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-2 S251, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Neuron. 2013 Jan 23;77(2):251-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.006.
Decision making is impacted by uncertainty and risk (i.e., variance). Activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, an area implicated in decision making, covaries with these quantities. However, this activity could reflect the heightened salience of situations in which multiple outcomes-reward and reward omission-are expected. To resolve these accounts, rats were trained to respond to cues predicting 100%, 67%, 33%, or 0% reward. Consistent with prior reports, some orbitofrontal neurons fired differently in anticipation of uncertain (33% and 67%) versus certain (100% and 0%) reward. However, over 90% of these neurons also fired differently prior to 100% versus 0% reward (or baseline) or prior to 33% versus 67% reward. These responses are inconsistent with risk but fit well with the representation of acquired salience linked to the sum of cue-outcome and cue-no-outcome associative strengths. These results expand our understanding of how the orbitofrontal cortex might regulate learning and behavior.
决策受到不确定性和风险（即方差）的影响。与决策相关的眶额皮层的活动与这些数量相关。然而，这种活动可能反映了对预期有多种结果（奖励和奖励缺失）的情况的高度显著。为了解决这些问题，老鼠被训练对预测 100%、67%、33%或 0%奖励的线索做出反应。与先前的报告一致，一些眶额皮层神经元在预期不确定（33%和 67%）与确定（100%和 0%）奖励时表现出不同的反应。然而，超过 90%的这些神经元在 100%与 0%奖励（或基线）或 33%与 67%奖励之前也表现出不同的反应。这些反应与风险不一致，但与与线索-结果和线索-无结果关联强度总和相关的习得显著性表示非常吻合。这些结果扩展了我们对眶额皮层如何调节学习和行为的理解。
