Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013 Sep;7(5):637-44. doi: 10.1111/irv.12095. Epub 2013 Feb 9.
To experimentally determine the survival kinetics of influenza virus on personal protective equipment (PPE) and to evaluate the risk of virus transfer from PPE, it is important to compare the effects on virus recovery of the method used to contaminate the PPE with virus and the type of eluent used to recover it.
Avian influenza virus (AIV) was applied as a liquid suspension (spike test) and as an aerosol to three types of non-woven fabrics [polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), and polyamide (Nylon)] that are commonly used in the manufacture of PPE. This was followed by virus recovery using eight different eluents (phosphate-buffered saline, minimum essential medium, and 1.5% or 3.0% beef extract at pH 7, 8, or 9).
For spike tests, no statistically significant difference was found in virus recovery using any of the eluents tested. Hydrophobic surfaces (PP and PET) yielded higher spiked virus recovery than hydrophilic Nylon. From all materials, the virus recovery was much lower in aerosol challenge tests than in spike tests.
Significant differences were found in the recovery of viable AIV from non-woven fabrics between spike and aerosol challenge tests. The findings of this study demonstrate the need for realistic aerosol challenge tests rather than liquid spike tests in studies of virus survival on surfaces where airborne transmission of influenza virus may get involved.
为了在个人防护设备（PPE）上实验性地确定流感病毒的存活动力学，并评估病毒从 PPE 转移的风险，比较用病毒污染 PPE 的方法和用于回收它的洗脱液类型对病毒回收的影响非常重要。
禽流感病毒（AIV）以液体悬浮液（刺突测试）和气溶胶的形式应用于三种常用作 PPE 制造的无纺织物[聚丙烯（PP）、聚酯（PET）和聚酰胺（尼龙）]。然后用八种不同的洗脱液（磷酸盐缓冲盐水、最低必需培养基以及 pH 值为 7、8 或 9 的 1.5%或 3.0%牛肉提取物）回收病毒。
对于刺突测试，使用测试的任何洗脱液均未发现病毒回收有统计学上的显著差异。疏水表面（PP 和 PET）比亲水尼龙产生更高的刺突病毒回收。从所有材料来看，气溶胶挑战测试中的病毒回收远低于刺突测试。
在非织造织物上从活 AIV 回收方面，刺突和气溶胶挑战测试之间存在显著差异。本研究的结果表明，在涉及流感病毒空气传播的表面上，病毒存活研究需要进行现实的气溶胶挑战测试，而不是液体刺突测试。
