Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2013 Apr;25(2):240-6. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32835e1e74.
Recently, several international research groups have suggested that studies about environmental contaminants and adverse pregnancy outcomes should be designed to elucidate potential underlying biological mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to examine the epidemiological studies addressing maternal exposure to air pollutants and fetal growth during gestation as assessed by ultrasound measurements.
The six studies published to date found that exposure to certain ambient air pollutants during pregnancy is negatively associated with the growth rates and average attained size of fetal parameters belonging to the growth profile. Fetal parameters may respond to maternal air pollution exposures uniquely, and this response may vary by pollutant and timing of gestational exposure. Current literature suggests that mean changes in head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, and biparietal diameter are negatively associated with early-pregnancy exposures to ambient and vehicle-related air pollution.
The use of more longitudinal studies, employing ultrasound measures to assess fetal outcomes, may assist with the better understanding of mechanisms responsible for air pollution-related pregnancy outcomes.
最近，一些国际研究小组提出，关于环境污染物和不良妊娠结局的研究应该旨在阐明潜在的生物学机制。本综述的目的是检查关于孕妇暴露于空气污染物和超声测量评估的妊娠期间胎儿生长的流行病学研究。
迄今为止发表的六项研究发现，孕妇在怀孕期间暴露于某些环境空气污染物与生长曲线的胎儿参数的生长速度和平均获得大小呈负相关。胎儿参数可能对母体空气污染暴露有独特的反应，这种反应可能因污染物和妊娠暴露时间而异。目前的文献表明，头围、腹围、股骨长和双顶径的平均变化与早期妊娠暴露于环境和与车辆有关的空气污染呈负相关。
使用更多的纵向研究，采用超声测量来评估胎儿结局，可能有助于更好地理解与空气污染相关的妊娠结局的机制。
