Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Environ Monit Assess. 2013 Sep;185(9):7617-25. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3123-5. Epub 2013 Feb 13.
The study looked at the levels of pesticides in okra grown close to a watermelon farm herein referred to as a non-target crop. The watermelon received some pesticide application in the course of its cultivation, and the okra which was not meant to be sprayed was also affected by the pesticide. About 500 okra samples were collected for a period of 6 weeks and pesticides extracted with 1:1 n-hexane and dichloromethane which was analysed with Agilent 2222 GC/MS coupled with 389 auto-sampler. The results confirmed accumulation of significant levels of pesticides in the non-target crop (okra grown close to watermelon farm). Levels of organochlorine pesticides ranged from 3.10 to 7.60 μg/kg whilst the organophosphorus pesticides had levels ranging from 2.80 to 2016.80 μg/kg. The synthetic pyrethroid pesticide mean levels also ranged from 0.10 to 4.10 μg/kg and were below World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization-recommended residue levels, and though not appearing to constitute a grave threat to life, their occurrence is a concern, and pre-emptive techniques must be developed to thwart the contaminations. Though the non- target crop was not treated directly with the pesticides, some level of contamination with organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides persisted in the crops. It can be inferred that application of pesticides affected the adjoining crops, meaning that inter-cropping and mix-cropping might not be acceptable when one of the crops requires pesticide application. It is important for the farmers to be trained to ensure proper application of pesticide to minimise its impact on the health of consumers.
本研究调查了在靠近西瓜种植地（在此称为非靶标作物）种植的秋葵中农药的残留水平。西瓜在种植过程中接受了一些农药的施用，而未打算喷洒农药的秋葵也受到了农药的影响。在 6 周的时间里，共采集了约 500 个秋葵样本，用 1:1 的正己烷和二氯甲烷提取农药，并用配备 389 自动进样器的安捷伦 2222 GC/MS 进行分析。研究结果证实，非靶标作物（靠近西瓜种植地的秋葵）中农药的残留水平显著。有机氯农药的残留水平范围为 3.10 至 7.60μg/kg，而有机磷农药的残留水平范围为 2.80 至 2016.80μg/kg。拟除虫菊酯类农药的平均残留水平也在 0.10 至 4.10μg/kg 之间，低于世界卫生组织/粮农组织推荐的残留限量，虽然它们似乎不会对生命构成严重威胁，但它们的存在令人担忧，必须开发预防性技术来阻止污染。尽管非靶标作物没有直接用农药处理，但一些有机氯和有机磷农药仍残留在作物中。可以推断，农药的施用会影响邻近的作物，这意味着当其中一种作物需要施用农药时，间作和混作可能是不可接受的。对农民进行培训以确保正确施用农药，将其对消费者健康的影响降到最低，这一点非常重要。
