Departments of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):689-97. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.051730. Epub 2013 Feb 27.
The Western diet increases risk of metabolic disease.
We determined whether lowering the ratio of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids in the Western diet would affect physical activity and energy expenditure.
With the use of a balanced design, 2 cohorts of 18 and 14 young adults were enrolled in separate randomized, double-masked, crossover trials that compared a 3-wk high-palmitic acid diet (HPA; similar to the Western diet fat composition) to a low-palmitic acid and high-oleic acid diet (HOA; similar to the Mediterranean diet fat composition). All foods were provided by the investigators, and the palmitic acid (PA):oleic acid (OA) ratio was manipulated by adding different oil blends to the same foods. In both cohorts, we assessed physical activity (monitored continuously by using accelerometry) and resting energy expenditure (REE). To gain insight into a possible mood disturbance that might explain changes in physical activity, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) was administered in cohort 2.
Physical activity was higher during the HOA than during the HPA in 15 of 17 subjects in cohort 1 (P = 0.008) (mean: 12% higher; P = 0.003) and in 12 of 12 subjects in the second, confirmatory cohort (P = 0.005) (mean: 15% higher; P = 0.003). When the HOA was compared with the HPA, REE measured during the fed state was 3% higher for cohort 1 (P < 0.01), and REE was 4.5% higher in the fasted state for cohort 2 (P = 0.04). POMS testing showed that the anger-hostility score was significantly higher during the HPA (P = 0.007).
The replacement of dietary PA with OA was associated with increased physical activity and REE and less anger. Besides presumed effects on mitochondrial function (increased REE), the dietary PA:OA ratio appears to affect behavior. The second cohort was derived from a study that was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as R01DK082803.
西方饮食会增加患代谢疾病的风险。
我们旨在确定降低西方饮食中饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸的比例是否会影响体力活动和能量消耗。
采用平衡设计，将 18 名和 14 名年轻成年人分别纳入两项随机、双盲、交叉试验的两个队列中，分别比较了富含棕榈酸的高饮食（HPA；类似于西方饮食的脂肪组成）和低棕榈酸和高油酸饮食（HOA；类似于地中海饮食的脂肪组成）。所有食物均由研究者提供，通过向相同的食物中添加不同的油混合物来调节棕榈酸（PA）与油酸（OA）的比例。在两个队列中，我们都评估了体力活动（通过连续使用加速度计监测）和静息能量消耗（REE）。为了深入了解可能解释体力活动变化的情绪障碍，在第二队列中进行了心境状态问卷（POMS）评估。
在第一个队列的 17 名受试者中有 15 名（P=0.008）（平均：高 12%；P=0.003），在第二个、验证性队列的 12 名受试者中有 12 名（P=0.005）（平均：高 15%；P=0.003），HOA 期间的体力活动高于 HPA。与 HPA 相比，第一个队列的进食状态时的 REE 高 3%（P<0.01），第二个队列的禁食状态时的 REE 高 4.5%（P=0.04）。POMS 测试显示，HPA 期间的愤怒-敌意评分明显更高（P=0.007）。
用 OA 替代膳食 PA 与体力活动和 REE 增加以及愤怒减少有关。除了对线粒体功能的预期影响（REE 增加）外，膳食 PA:OA 比例似乎还会影响行为。第二个队列源自在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 R01DK082803 的研究。
