Department of Immunobiology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2013 Apr;13(4):227-42. doi: 10.1038/nri3405. Epub 2013 Mar 8.
Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors have a pivotal role in T cell biology, as they determine the functional outcome of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling. The classic definition of T cell co-stimulation continues to evolve through the identification of new co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors, the biochemical characterization of their downstream signalling events and the delineation of their immunological functions. Notably, it has been recently appreciated that co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors display great diversity in expression, structure and function, and that their functions are largely context dependent. Here, we focus on some of these emerging concepts and review the mechanisms through which T cell activation, differentiation and function is controlled by co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors.
共刺激和共抑制受体在 T 细胞生物学中起着关键作用，因为它们决定了 T 细胞受体 (TCR) 信号的功能结果。随着新的共刺激和共抑制受体的鉴定、其下游信号事件的生化特征以及免疫功能的阐明，T 细胞共刺激的经典定义不断发展。值得注意的是，最近人们认识到，共刺激和共抑制受体在表达、结构和功能上具有很大的多样性，它们的功能在很大程度上取决于上下文。在这里，我们关注其中的一些新出现的概念，并回顾共刺激和共抑制受体控制 T 细胞激活、分化和功能的机制。
