乘用车驾驶员分心行为的流行率：一种路边观察方法。
The prevalence of distraction among passenger vehicle drivers: a roadside observational approach.
机构信息
a Center for Clinical and Translational Science , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Alabama.
出版信息
Traffic Inj Prev. 2015;16(2):140-6. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.916797. Epub 2014 Oct 9.
OBJECTIVE
Distracted driving contributes to a large proportion of motor vehicle crashes, yet little is known about the prevalence of distracted driving and the specific types of distracting behaviors. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of driver distraction using a roadside observational study design.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey involving direct roadside observation was conducted at 11 selected intersections. Trained investigators observed a sample of passenger vehicles and recorded distraction-related behaviors, driver characteristics, and contextual factors such as vehicle speed and traffic flow.
RESULTS
Of the 3,265 drivers observed, the prevalence of distracted driving was 32.7%. Among those involved in a distracting activity, the most frequently observed distractions included interacting with another passenger (53.2%, where passengers were present), talking on the phone (31.4%), external-vehicle distractions (20.4%), and texting/dialing a phone (16.6%). The prevalence of talking on the phone was higher among females than males (38.6% vs. 24.3%), whereas external vehicle distractions were higher among males than females (25.8% vs. 24.3%). Drivers <30 years were observed being engaged in any distracting activity, interacting with other passengers, and texting/dialing more frequently than drivers aged 30-50 and >50 years. Drivers were engaged in distracting behaviors more frequently when the car was stopped.
CONCLUSIONS
When using similar methodology, roadside observational studies generate comparable prevalence estimates of driver distraction as naturalistic driving studies. Driver distraction is a common problem among passenger vehicle drivers. Despite the increased awareness on the dangers of texting and cell phone use while driving, these specific activities were 2 of the most frequently observed distractions. There is a continued need for road safety education about the dangers of distracted driving, especially for younger drivers.
目的
驾驶分神是导致机动车事故的一个主要原因，但对于驾驶分神的普遍程度以及具体的分神行为类型，人们知之甚少。本研究旨在通过路边观察性研究设计来评估驾驶分神的发生率。
方法
在 11 个选定的交叉路口进行了一项涉及直接路边观察的横断面调查。经过培训的调查员观察了一组样本乘用车，并记录了与分神相关的行为、驾驶员特征以及车辆速度和交通流量等环境因素。
结果
在所观察的 3265 名驾驶员中，驾驶分神的发生率为 32.7%。在从事分神活动的驾驶员中，最常观察到的分神行为包括与乘客互动（53.2%，如果有乘客在场）、打电话（31.4%）、外部车辆干扰（20.4%）和发短信/拨打电话（16.6%）。女性驾驶员打电话的比例高于男性驾驶员（38.6%比 24.3%），而男性驾驶员受到外部车辆干扰的比例高于女性驾驶员（25.8%比 24.3%）。30 岁以下的驾驶员比 30-50 岁和>50 岁的驾驶员更频繁地从事任何分神活动、与其他乘客互动和发短信/拨打电话。当车辆停止时，驾驶员更频繁地从事分神行为。
结论
使用类似的方法，路边观察性研究产生的驾驶分神发生率与自然驾驶研究相当。驾驶分神是乘用车驾驶员普遍存在的问题。尽管人们越来越意识到在驾驶时发短信和使用手机的危险，但这些特定的活动是最常观察到的分神行为中的 2 种。特别是对于年轻驾驶员，仍需要进行道路安全教育，提高他们对驾驶分神危险的认识。
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