Xu Zhiwei, Sheffield Perry E, Su Hong, Wang Xiaoyu, Bi Yan, Tong Shilu
School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Qld, 4059, Australia.
Int J Biometeorol. 2014 Mar;58(2):239-47. doi: 10.1007/s00484-013-0655-x. Epub 2013 Mar 23.
Young children are thought to be particularly sensitive to heat waves, but relatively less research attention has been paid to this field to date. A systematic review was conducted to elucidate the relationship between heat waves and children's health. Literature published up to August 2012 were identified using the following MeSH terms and keywords: "heatwave", "heat wave", "child health", "morbidity", "hospital admission", "emergency department visit", "family practice", "primary health care", "death" and "mortality". Of the 628 publications identified, 12 met the selection criteria. The existing literature does not consistently suggest that mortality among children increases significantly during heat waves, even though infants were associated with more heat-related deaths. Exposure to heat waves in the perinatal period may pose a threat to children's health. Pediatric diseases or conditions associated with heat waves include renal disease, respiratory disease, electrolyte imbalance and fever. Future research should focus on how to develop a consistent definition of a heat wave from a children's health perspective, identifying the best measure of children's exposure to heat waves, exploring sensitive outcome measures to quantify the impact of heat waves on children, evaluating the possible impacts of heat waves on children's birth outcomes, and understanding the differences in vulnerability to heat waves among children of different ages and from different income countries. Projection of the children's disease burden caused by heat waves under climate change scenarios, and development of effective heat wave mitigation and adaptation strategies that incorporate other child protective health measures, are also strongly recommended.
幼儿被认为对热浪特别敏感，但迄今为止该领域受到的研究关注相对较少。开展了一项系统综述以阐明热浪与儿童健康之间的关系。使用以下医学主题词和关键词检索截至2012年8月发表的文献：“热浪”、“热波”、“儿童健康”、“发病率”、“住院”、“急诊科就诊”、“家庭医疗”、“初级卫生保健”、“死亡”和“死亡率”。在检索到的628篇文献中，12篇符合入选标准。现有文献并未一致表明热浪期间儿童死亡率会显著增加，尽管婴儿与更多与热相关的死亡有关。围产期暴露于热浪可能对儿童健康构成威胁。与热浪相关的儿科疾病或状况包括肾病、呼吸系统疾病、电解质失衡和发热。未来的研究应侧重于如何从儿童健康角度制定一致的热浪定义，确定衡量儿童暴露于热浪的最佳方法，探索敏感的结局指标以量化热浪对儿童的影响，评估热浪对儿童出生结局的可能影响，以及了解不同年龄和不同收入国家的儿童在热浪易感性方面的差异。还强烈建议预测气候变化情景下热浪导致的儿童疾病负担，并制定有效的热浪缓解和适应策略，同时纳入其他儿童保护性健康措施。
