1st Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland.
Allergy. 2013;68(5):644-50. doi: 10.1111/all.12147. Epub 2013 Mar 27.
Consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk has been identified as a possible protective factor for atopy and asthma. Most studies have been conducted among children and in farming populations. We investigated the effects of consumption of unpasteurized milk in early life on atopy, asthma, and rhinitis in village and town inhabitants in a region of Poland and assessed whether any protective effects of milk consumption differed according to place of residence and farming status.
We surveyed the inhabitants (aged >5 years) of a small town and seven nearby villages in southwest Poland (n = 1700, response rate 88%). Participants (or their parents for those <16 years of age) completed a questionnaire on farm exposures and symptoms of asthma and rhinitis. In particular, information was collected on unpasteurized milk consumption in early life. Atopy was assessed using skin prick tests.
Consumption of unpasteurized milk in the first year of life was inversely associated with atopy and asthma both among town and village inhabitants - town: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for atopy 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.52] asthma 0.51 (0.32-0.74); villages: atopy 0.59 (0.44-0.70) and asthma 0.59 (0.42-0.74). For atopy, the protective effect was more clearly seen among nonfarmers (0.42; 0.34-0.46) than in farmers (0.82; 0.54-1.11). For doctor-diagnosed hay fever and current rhinitis symptoms, the protective effect was only observed among town inhabitants and/or nonfarmers.
Early-life exposure to unpasteurized milk may protect against atopy, asthma, and related conditions, independently of place of residence and farming status, and in both children and adults.
饮用未经巴氏消毒的牛奶已被确定为特应性和哮喘的可能保护因素。大多数研究都是在儿童和农民群体中进行的。我们调查了在波兰一个地区，早期饮用未经巴氏消毒的牛奶对村舍和城镇居民特应性、哮喘和鼻炎的影响，并评估了牛奶消费的任何保护作用是否因居住地点和农业状况的不同而有所不同。
我们调查了波兰西南部一个小镇和七个附近村庄的居民（年龄>5 岁，应答率为 88%）。参与者（或其 16 岁以下的父母）填写了一份关于农场暴露和哮喘、鼻炎症状的问卷。特别是，收集了早期生命中饮用未经巴氏消毒牛奶的信息。特应性通过皮肤点刺试验进行评估。
在城镇和村庄居民中，生命第一年饮用未经巴氏消毒的牛奶与特应性和哮喘均呈负相关-城镇：特应性的调整比值比（aOR）为 0.46（95%置信区间[CI]为 0.37-0.52），哮喘为 0.51（0.32-0.74）；村庄：特应性为 0.59（0.44-0.70），哮喘为 0.59（0.42-0.74）。对于特应性，非农民（0.42；0.34-0.46）的保护作用比农民（0.82；0.54-1.11）更明显。对于医生诊断的花粉症和当前鼻炎症状，保护作用仅在城镇居民和/或非农民中观察到。
早期接触未经巴氏消毒的牛奶可能会预防特应性、哮喘和相关疾病，与居住地点和农业状况无关，并且在儿童和成人中都有效。
