Department of Psychology, Centro Rodero, Clínica de Neurociencias, Santander, Spain.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013 Apr 18;11:62. doi: 10.1186/1477-7525-11-62.
Psychological flexibility has been suggested as a fundamental process in health. The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) is one of the scales employed for assessing psychological inflexibility in pain patients. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the PIPS and secondly, to compare it to two other psychological constructs, the acceptance of pain and mindfulness scales.
The PIPS was translated into Spanish by two bilingual linguistic experts, and then, back-translated into English to assess for equivalence. The final Spanish version was administered along with the Pain Visual Analogue Scale, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, to 250 Spanish patients with fibromyalgia. Face validity, construct validity, reliability (internal consistency and test-retest) and convergent validity were tested. Also a multiple regression analysis was carried out.The usual guidelines have been followed for cross-cultural adaptations.
Data were very similar to the ones obtained in the original PIPS version. The construct validity confirmed the original two-components solution which explained 61.6% of the variance. The Spanish PIPS had good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.97) and internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.90). The Spanish PIPS' score correlated significantly with worse global functioning (r = 0.55), anxiety (r = 0.54), depression (r = 0.66), pain catastrophizing (r = 0.62), pain acceptance (r = -0.72) and mindfulness (r = -0.47), as well as correlating modestly with pain intensity (r = 0.12). The multiple regression analyses showed that psychological inflexibility, acceptance and mindfulness are not overlapped.
The Spanish PIPS scale appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for the evaluation of psychological inflexibility among a sample of fibromyalgia patients. These results ensure the use of this scale in research as well as in clinical practice. Psychological inflexibility measures processes different from other related components such as acceptance and mindfulness.
心理灵活性已被认为是健康的基本过程。疼痛心理不灵活性量表（PIPS）是用于评估疼痛患者心理不灵活性的量表之一。本研究的目的是验证 PIPS 的西班牙语版本，其次是将其与另外两个心理结构，即疼痛接受和正念量表进行比较。
由两名双语语言专家将 PIPS 翻译成西班牙语，然后再将其回译为英语以评估等效性。最终的西班牙语版本与疼痛视觉模拟量表、纤维肌痛影响问卷、医院焦虑抑郁量表、疼痛灾难化量表、慢性疼痛接受问卷和正念注意意识量表一起，共 250 名患有纤维肌痛的西班牙患者进行了评估。测试了表面有效性、结构有效性、可靠性（内部一致性和重测信度）和收敛有效性。还进行了多元回归分析。遵循了跨文化适应的常用准则。
数据与原始 PIPS 版本非常相似。结构有效性证实了最初的两个组成部分解决方案，该解决方案解释了 61.6%的方差。西班牙语 PIPS 具有良好的重测信度（组内相关系数 0.97）和内部一致性可靠性（克朗巴赫α：0.90）。西班牙语 PIPS 的分数与更差的整体功能（r = 0.55）、焦虑（r = 0.54）、抑郁（r = 0.66）、疼痛灾难化（r = 0.62）、疼痛接受（r = -0.72）和正念（r = -0.47）显著相关，与疼痛强度中度相关（r = 0.12）。多元回归分析表明，心理不灵活性、接受和正念没有重叠。
西班牙语 PIPS 量表似乎是评估纤维肌痛患者心理不灵活性的有效可靠工具。这些结果确保了该量表在研究和临床实践中的使用。心理不灵活性测量的过程与其他相关成分（如接受和正念）不同。
