Dogliotti Elena, Vezzoli Giuseppe, Nouvenne Antonio, Meschi Tiziana, Terranegra Annalisa, Mingione Alessandra, Brasacchio Caterina, Raspini Benedetta, Cusi Daniele, Soldati Laura
J Transl Med. 2013 May 1;11:109. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-109.
Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathogenesis due to genetic and environmental factors. The importance of social and health effects of nephrolithiasis is further highlighted by the strong tendency to relapse of the disease. Long-term prospective studies show a peak of disease recurrence within 2-3 years since onset, 40-50% of patients have a recurrence after 5 years and more than 50-60% after 10 years. International nutritional studies demonstrated that nutritional habits are relevant in therapy and prevention approaches of nephrolithiasis. Water, right intake of calcium, low intake of sodium, high levels of urinary citrate are certainly important for the primary and secondary prevention of nephrolithiasis.
特发性钙肾结石是一种多因素疾病，其发病机制复杂，受遗传和环境因素影响。肾结石复发倾向强烈，进一步凸显了其对社会和健康的影响。长期前瞻性研究表明，发病后2至3年内疾病复发达到高峰，5年后40%至50%的患者会复发，10年后超过50%至60%的患者会复发。国际营养研究表明，营养习惯在肾结石的治疗和预防方法中具有重要意义。水、适量的钙摄入、低钠摄入、高尿柠檬酸水平对肾结石的一级和二级预防肯定很重要。
