Mathiyalagen Prakash, Neelakantan Anand, Balusamy Karthik, Vasudevan Kavita, Cherian Johnson, Sunderamurthy Bhuvaneswary
Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.
Joint Director Medical Services (Health), DGMS (N), IHQ of MoD (Navy), New Delhi, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2017 Jan-Mar;6(1):126-130. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.214981.
Renal stone disease is a common disorder of the urinary tract and also a significant problem because of incidence, recurrence, and severe consequences. The complex pathogenetic mechanisms of renal stone formation involve both biologic and environmental risk factors. The present study was performed to identify the role of these parameters among renal stone patients and normal individuals from a coastal union territory region in South India.
The authors conducted a case-control study of renal stone disease among outpatient department patients more than 30 years of age using systematic random sampling procedure with 100 study participants (50 subjects for each group). A questionnaire to explore some relevant history as well as to note general examination findings was used along with a house visit to collect a sample of water. Analysis was undertaken using appropriate statistical techniques.
The study showed statistically significant association for renal stones with female sex, illiteracy, body mass index (BMI) (>25 kg/m), sodium (>50 mg/L), water consumption (<1.5 L/day), water source being borewell, consuming soft drink, sedentary work, and family history of renal stones. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were significantly higher for consuming soft drink (OR: 8.19; 95% confidence interval: 1.99-33.69), sedentary work (10.01; 1.27-78.91), and water consumption < 1.5 L/day (7.73; 2.24-26.69).
We conclude that in this part of India, female gender, illiteracy, high BMI, high sodium in drinking water, inadequate water consumption, borewell drinking water, soft-drink consumption, sedentary work, and family history of renal stones can lead to a significant increase in the risk of renal stone disease.
肾结石病是一种常见的泌尿系统疾病，由于其发病率、复发率及严重后果，也是一个重大问题。肾结石形成的复杂发病机制涉及生物和环境风险因素。本研究旨在确定这些因素在印度南部沿海联邦属地地区肾结石患者和正常个体中的作用。
作者采用系统随机抽样程序，对30岁以上门诊患者中的肾结石病进行病例对照研究，共有100名研究参与者（每组50名受试者）。使用一份问卷来探究一些相关病史并记录一般检查结果，同时进行家访以采集水样。采用适当的统计技术进行分析。
研究表明，肾结石与女性、文盲、体重指数（BMI）（>25kg/m）、钠（>50mg/L）、饮水量（<1.5L/天）、水源为井水、饮用软饮料、久坐工作以及肾结石家族史之间存在统计学上的显著关联。饮用软饮料（优势比：8.19；95%置信区间：1.99 - 33.69）、久坐工作（10.01；1.27 - 78.91）以及饮水量<1.5L/天（7.73；2.24 - 26.69）的调整优势比显著更高。
我们得出结论，在印度的这一地区，女性、文盲、高BMI、饮用水中高钠、饮水不足、饮用井水、饮用软饮料、久坐工作以及肾结石家族史会导致肾结石病风险显著增加。
