Department of Otolaryngology, Wexham Park Hospital, Wexham, UK.
Rhinology. 2013 Jun;51(2):111-9. doi: 10.4193/Rhino12.045.
Pregnancy-induced rhinitis (PIR) is often misclassified and under-diagnosed. There is currently no cure or optimum symptomatic treatment.
To summarize current knowledge of PIR and assess evidence supporting treatment options.
Structured literature search. SEARCH STRATEGY AND EVALUATION METHOD: Review of English-language articles addressing evidence for aetiology, classification, differential diagnosis or treatment options for PIR. Comparisons to management of other types of rhinitis in pregnancy are also considered.
Incidence and prevalence of PIR vary widely between studies. Hormonal changes have a presumed aetiological role, although present evidence is scanty. Smoking appears to be the only agreed identifiable risk factor. Distinction between PIR and other types of rhinitis in pregnancy, especially allergic rhinitis, is important as effective treatments differ. Management of PIR focuses on minimal intervention required for symptom relief.
Although PIR is temporary, its impact on patients` quality of life can be profound. Advice and conservative treatment provide the mainstay of clinical management. None of the currently available medical options offer an ideal solution. Any potential benefit gained should be balanced against risks to the foetus. Clarifying the definition of this separate category of rhinitis will lead to better recognition, with prompt and appropriate treatment.
妊娠相关性鼻炎（PIR）常被误诊和漏诊。目前尚无治愈方法或最佳对症治疗方法。
总结 PIR 的现有知识并评估支持治疗选择的证据。
有结构的文献检索。
综述探讨了 PIR 的病因、分类、鉴别诊断或治疗选择的证据的英文文献。还考虑了与妊娠期间其他类型鼻炎的管理进行比较。
PIR 的发生率和患病率在研究之间差异很大。激素变化具有推测的病因作用，尽管目前的证据很少。吸烟似乎是唯一公认的可识别危险因素。区分 PIR 和妊娠期间的其他类型鼻炎，特别是过敏性鼻炎，很重要，因为有效的治疗方法不同。PIR 的管理侧重于缓解症状所需的最小干预。
尽管 PIR 是暂时的，但它对患者生活质量的影响可能是深远的。建议和保守治疗是临床管理的主要方法。目前可用的医疗选择都没有提供理想的解决方案。任何潜在的获益都应与对胎儿的风险相平衡。明确这种单独类型的鼻炎的定义将有助于更好地识别，并及时采取适当的治疗。
