van Kamp Irene, Davies Hugh
RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Sustainability, Environment and Health, Netherlands.
Noise Health. 2013 May-Jun;15(64):153-9. doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.112361.
Vulnerable or susceptible groups are mentioned in most reviews and documents regarding noise and health. But only a few studies address this issue in a concrete and focused way. Groups at risk most often mentioned in the literature are children, the elderly, the chronically ill and people with a hearing impairment. The other categories encountered are those of sensitive persons, shiftworkers, people with mental illness (e.g., schizophrenia or autism), people suffering from tinnitus, and fetuses and neonates. The mechanism for this vulnerability has not been clearly described and relevant research has seldom focused on the health effects of noise in these groups in an integrated manner. This paper summarizes the outcomes and major conclusions of a systematic, qualitative review of studies over the past 5 years. This review was prepared for the 10 th Conference on Noise as a Public Health Problem (ICBEN, 2011). Evidence is reviewed describing effects, groups assumed to be at risk, and mechanisms pertaining to noise sensitivity and learned helplessness.
在大多数关于噪声与健康的综述和文献中都提到了弱势群体或易感人群。但只有少数研究以具体且有针对性的方式探讨了这个问题。文献中最常提及的高危人群是儿童、老年人、慢性病患者和听力障碍者。其他涉及的类别包括敏感人群、轮班工作者、患有精神疾病（如精神分裂症或自闭症）的人、耳鸣患者以及胎儿和新生儿。这种易感性的机制尚未得到明确描述，相关研究很少以综合方式关注噪声对这些群体的健康影响。本文总结了对过去5年研究进行系统定性综述的结果和主要结论。该综述是为第十届噪声作为公共卫生问题会议（ICBEN，2011年）编写的。对描述影响、假定的高危群体以及与噪声敏感性和习得性无助相关的机制的证据进行了综述。
