University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Compr Physiol. 2012 Oct;2(4):2775-809. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c120005.
This review examines the relationship between physical activity and cancer along the cancer continuum, and serves as a synthesis of systematic and meta-analytic reviews conducted to date. There exists a large body of epidemiologic evidence that conclude those who participate in higher levels of physical activity have a reduced likelihood of developing a variety of cancers compared to those who engage in lower levels of physical activity. Despite this observational evidence, the causal pathway underlying the association between participation in physical activity and cancer risk reduction remains unclear. Physical activity is also a useful adjunct to improve the deleterious sequelae experienced during cancer treatment. These deleterious sequelae may include fatigue, muscular weakness, deteriorated functional capacity, and many others. The benefits of physical activity during cancer treatment are similar to those experienced after treatment. Despite the growing volume of literature examining physical activity and cancer across the cancer continuum, a number of research gaps exist. There is little evidence on the safety of physical activity among all cancer survivors, as most trials have selectively recruited participants. The specific dose of exercise needed to optimize primary cancer prevention or symptom control during and after cancer treatment remains to be elucidated.
这篇综述考察了体力活动与癌症之间的关系，沿着癌症连续体展开，是迄今为止进行的系统综述和荟萃分析的综合。有大量的流行病学证据表明，与体力活动水平较低的人相比，那些参加更高水平体力活动的人患各种癌症的可能性较小。尽管有这些观察性证据，但体力活动与癌症风险降低之间的关联的因果途径仍不清楚。体力活动也是改善癌症治疗过程中所经历的有害后果的有用辅助手段。这些有害后果可能包括疲劳、肌肉无力、功能能力下降等。癌症治疗期间进行体力活动的益处与治疗后相似。尽管越来越多的文献研究了癌症连续体中的体力活动与癌症之间的关系，但仍存在一些研究空白。由于大多数试验都是选择性招募参与者，因此几乎没有关于所有癌症幸存者体力活动安全性的证据。在癌症治疗期间和之后，需要确定优化原发性癌症预防或症状控制所需的特定运动剂量。
