Prasad Arun, Kaur Mandeep
Delhi, India.
Indian J Surg. 2012 Jun;74(3):270-3. doi: 10.1007/s12262-012-0591-8. Epub 2012 Jun 24.
Historically, invasive, large incisions were necessary to perform "open" abdominal surgical procedures. While effective, this method increased the possibility of multiple complications, including post-operative pain, wound infection, incisional hernia and prolonged hospitalization. Concerns over the rate of complications and morbidities led surgeons to develop laparoscopic surgical techniques, in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions as opposed to larger, open incisions across the surgical site. There was a continuous effort to minimize the number of ports, and finally single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) came into practice. Sils without frills is a concept where multiple ports are made in a curved 2.5 cm incision in a triangle. The chopstick method is used to minimize instrument and telescope clash during the procedure. Standard laparoscopic instruments are introduced along with a 30 ° telescope. Instrument clashes are avoided by chop stick technique of crossing them at a proximal point so that ends are away from each other. Dissection takes place in forward backward movement after making lateral retraction by the other instrument. With experience the operative time is expected to become comparable with conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. But benefits regarding post operative pain in SILS has not been confirmed. It is felt that expertise and reduction of operative time may reduce post operative pain. No special telescopes, ports or hand instruments are needed for this procedure but may have a role in advanced laparoscopic procedures.
从历史上看,进行“开放式”腹部外科手术需要进行侵入性的大切口。虽然这种方法有效,但增加了多种并发症的可能性,包括术后疼痛、伤口感染、切口疝和住院时间延长。对并发症和发病率的担忧促使外科医生开发腹腔镜手术技术,即在腹部进行手术时通过小切口而不是横跨手术部位的大的开放式切口。人们不断努力减少端口数量,最终单切口腹腔镜手术(SILS)得以应用。无装饰单切口腹腔镜手术是一种在三角形的2.5厘米弯曲切口中制作多个端口的概念。在手术过程中使用筷子法来尽量减少器械和腹腔镜的碰撞。标准的腹腔镜器械与30°腹腔镜一起引入。通过在近端交叉的筷子技术避免器械碰撞,使两端彼此远离。在用另一器械进行侧向牵拉后,以前后移动的方式进行解剖。随着经验的积累,预计手术时间将与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术相当。但单切口腹腔镜手术在术后疼痛方面的益处尚未得到证实。人们认为专业技能和手术时间的减少可能会减轻术后疼痛。该手术不需要特殊的腹腔镜、端口或手持器械,但可能在高级腹腔镜手术中发挥作用。