Richtsmeier J T, Lele S
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.
J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1990;10(1):39-62.
Finite-element scaling analysis (FESA), generalized procrustes analysis (GPA), and Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) are applied in a two-dimensional study of craniofacial growth in normal children and those affected with Crouzon syndrome. Longitudinal data are used and growth is measured as change local to 10 craniofacial landmarks. Although details of the results vary among the methods, all 3 methods determine Crouzon growth to be different from normal. Nuances of the methods, especially the use of superimposition in GPA and lack of superimposition in 2 others are partly responsible for the varying results. Although Crouzon craniofacial morphology is often obvious at birth, this study demonstrates that there are general differences between normal postnatal growth patterns and those of the Crouzon individual. These patterns of malgrowth are in part responsible for the adult morphology of the Crouzon craniofacial complex.
有限元比例分析（FESA）、广义普氏分析（GPA）和欧几里得距离矩阵分析（EDMA）被应用于对正常儿童和患有克鲁宗综合征儿童的颅面生长进行二维研究。使用纵向数据，并将生长测量为10个颅面标志点局部的变化。尽管不同方法的结果细节有所不同，但所有这三种方法都确定克鲁宗综合征患者的生长与正常人不同。这些方法的细微差别，特别是GPA中叠加的使用以及其他两种方法中不使用叠加，部分导致了结果的差异。尽管克鲁宗综合征的颅面形态在出生时通常很明显，但这项研究表明，正常产后生长模式与克鲁宗综合征个体的生长模式存在总体差异。这些生长异常模式部分导致了克鲁宗综合征颅面复合体的成人形态。
