Institute of Continuing Medical Education of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Jul;19(7):605-10. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12262.
The pork-processing industry has been possibly the fastest growing sector of the food industry in recent years. Specialization, genetic homogenization of the pig population, high density of the breeding population, reduced human-animal interactions, slaughter at a lower age and increased international trade of live animals and pork are parameters that affect, positively or negatively, the emergence of novel pig-borne pathogens, many of which are pig-specific, and many of which have significant zoonotic potential, as observed in recent outbreaks of Nipah virus and Streptococcus suis in Southeast Asia and China, respectively. Numerous other pathogens are transmitted to humans through direct contact with or consumption of pig products, and globalization trends in trade and human population movements have resulted in outbreaks of pig-borne diseases even in Muslim countries and in Israel, where pork consumption is religiously prohibited. The role of pigs as potential reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant pathogens or genes encoding resistance, and the role of feral pigs as a reservoir of zoonotic disease, are scientific fields in direct need of further research.
近年来，猪肉加工行业可能是食品行业发展最快的领域。专业化、猪种群的遗传同质化、养殖种群密度高、人与动物的互动减少、提前宰杀以及活猪和猪肉的国际贸易增加，这些参数都对新型猪源病原体的出现产生了积极或消极的影响，其中许多是猪特有的病原体，其中许多具有显著的人畜共患潜力，如最近在东南亚和中国发生的尼帕病毒和猪链球菌暴发所观察到的那样。还有许多其他病原体通过人与猪产品的直接接触或食用而传播给人类，贸易和人口流动的全球化趋势导致猪源性疾病甚至在穆斯林国家和以色列（那里宗教上禁止食用猪肉）爆发。猪作为潜在的抗生素耐药性病原体或耐药性基因的储存库的作用，以及野猪作为人畜共患病储存库的作用，都是科学领域中直接需要进一步研究的课题。
