Laboratory of Immunology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
PLoS One. 2013 Jun 7;8(6):e65126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065126. Print 2013.
HIV infection has commonly been found to affect lipid profile and antioxidant defense.
To determine the effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and viral subtype on patient's cholesterol and oxidative stress markers, and determine whether in the absence of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), these biochemical parameters could be useful in patient's management and monitoring disease progression in Cameroon. For this purpose, we measured total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDLC), HDL cholesterol (HDLC), total antioxidant ability (TAA), lipid peroxidation indices (LPI), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in HIV negative persons and HIV positive HAART-naïve patients infected with HIV-1 group M subtypes.
We measured serum TC, LDLC, HDLC, plasma MDA, and TAA concentrations, and calculated LPI indices in 151 HIV-positive HAART-naïve patients and 134 seronegative controls. We also performed gene sequence analysis on samples from 30 patients to determine the effect of viral genotypes on these biochemical parameters. We also determined the correlation between CD4 cell count and the above biochemical parameters.
We obtained the following controls/patients values for TC (1.96±0.54/1. 12±0. 48 g/l), LDLC (0. 67±0. 46/0. 43±0. 36 g/l), HDLC (105. 51±28. 10/46. 54±23. 36 mg/dl) TAA (0. 63±0. 17/0. 16±0. 16 mM), MDA (0. 20±0. 07/0. 41±0. 10 µM) and LPI (0. 34±0. 14/26. 02±74. 40). In each case, the difference between the controls and patients was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a positive and statistically significant Pearson correlation between CD4 cell count and HDLC (r = +0.272; p<0.01), TAA (r = +0.199; p<0.05) and a negative and statistically significant Pearson correlation between CD4 cell count and LPI (r = -0.166; p<0.05). Pearson correlation between CD4 cell count and TC, CD4cell count and LDLC was positive but not statistically significant while it was negative but not statistically significant with MDA. The different subtypes obtained after sequencing were CRF02_AG (43.3%), CRF01_AE (20%), A1 (23.3%), H (6.7%), and G (6.7%). None of the HIV-1 subtypes significantly influenced the levels of the biochemical parameters, but by grouping them as pure subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), the CRF significantly influenced TC levels. TC was significantly lower in patients infected with CRF (0.87±0.27 g/l) compared to patients infected with pure HIV-1 subtypes (1.32±0.68 g/l) (p<0.017). MDA levels were also significantly higher in patients infected with HIV-1CRF01_AE (0.50±0.10 µM), compared to patients infected with CRF02_AG (0. 38±0. 08 µM) (p<0.018).
These results show that HIV infection in Cameroon is associated with significant decrease in TAA, LDLC, HDLC and TC, and increased MDA concentration and LPI indices which seem to be linked to the severity of HIV infection as assessed by CD4 cell count. The data suggests increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in HIV-infected patients in Cameroon, and an influence of CRFs on TC and MDA levels.
HIV 感染通常会影响血脂谱和抗氧化防御。
确定人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染和病毒亚型对患者胆固醇和氧化应激标志物的影响，并确定在没有高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）的情况下，这些生化参数是否可用于喀麦隆患者的管理和监测疾病进展。为此，我们测量了 HIV 阴性者和 HIV 阳性未经 HAART 治疗的患者的总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDLC）、总抗氧化能力（TAA）、脂质过氧化指数（LPI）和丙二醛（MDA）。
我们测量了 151 名未经 HAART 治疗的 HIV 阳性患者和 134 名血清阴性对照者的血清 TC、LDLC、HDLC、血浆 MDA 和 TAA 浓度，并计算了 LPI 指数。我们还对 30 名患者的样本进行了基因序列分析，以确定病毒基因型对这些生化参数的影响。我们还确定了 CD4 细胞计数与上述生化参数之间的相关性。
我们获得了以下对照/患者的 TC（1.96±0.54/1.12±0.48 g/l）、LDLC（0.67±0.46/0.43±0.36 g/l）、HDLC（105.51±28.10/46.54±23.36 mg/dl）、TAA（0.63±0.17/0.16±0.16 mM）、MDA（0.20±0.07/0.41±0.10 µM）和 LPI（0.34±0.14/26.02±74.40）值。在每种情况下，对照与患者之间的差异均具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。CD4 细胞计数与 HDLC（r=+0.272；p<0.01）、TAA（r=+0.199；p<0.05）呈正相关，与 LPI（r=-0.166；p<0.05）呈负相关，具有统计学意义。CD4 细胞计数与 TC、CD4 细胞计数与 LDLC 之间的 Pearson 相关性为正，但无统计学意义，而与 MDA 之间的 Pearson 相关性为负，但无统计学意义。测序后获得的不同亚型为 CRF02_AG（43.3%）、CRF01_AE（20%）、A1（23.3%）、H（6.7%）和 G（6.7%）。HIV-1 亚型均未显著影响生化参数水平，但将其分为纯亚型和循环重组形式（CRFs）后，CRF 显著影响 TC 水平。与感染纯 HIV-1 亚型的患者（1.32±0.68 g/l）相比，感染 CRF 的患者 TC 水平显著降低（0.87±0.27 g/l）（p<0.017）。与感染 CRF02_AG 的患者（0.38±0.08 µM）相比，感染 HIV-1CRF01_AE 的患者 MDA 水平显著升高（0.50±0.10 µM）（p<0.018）。
这些结果表明，喀麦隆的 HIV 感染与 TAA、LDLC、HDLC 和 TC 的显著降低以及 MDA 浓度和 LPI 指数的升高有关，这似乎与 CD4 细胞计数评估的 HIV 感染严重程度有关。数据表明，喀麦隆 HIV 感染患者的氧化应激和脂质过氧化增加，CRFs 对 TC 和 MDA 水平有影响。
