Center for Tobacco Control Research & Education, UCSF, 530 Parnassus Ave. Box 1390, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2013 Aug;103(8):e44-51. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301449. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
We examined the pattern of the passage of smoking laws across venues (government and private workplaces, restaurants, bars) and by strength (no law to 100% smoke-free).
We conducted transition analyses of local and state smoking restrictions passed between 1970 and 2009, with data from the Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights Ordinance Database.
Each decade, more laws were enacted, from 18 passed in the 1970s to 3172 in the first decade of this century, when 91% of existing state laws were passed. Most laws passed took states and localities from no law to some level of smoking restriction, and most new local (77%; 5148/6648) and state (73%; 115/158) laws passed in the study period did not change strength.
Because these laws are "sticky"-once a law has passed, strength of the law and venues covered do not change often-policymakers and advocates should focus on passing strong laws the first time, rather than settling for less comprehensive laws with the hope of improving them in the future.
我们考察了吸烟法律在不同场所（政府和私营工作场所、餐馆、酒吧）和不同力度（无法律规定到 100%无烟）上的通过模式。
我们利用美国人反对吸烟权利条例数据库的数据，对 1970 年至 2009 年间通过的地方和州吸烟限制法规进行了过渡分析。
每个十年通过的法律都在增加，从 70 年代的 18 项增加到本世纪第一个十年的 3172 项，当时已有 91%的现有州法律获得通过。大多数通过的法律使州和地方从无法律规定到某种程度的吸烟限制，而研究期间新通过的大多数地方（77%；5148/6648）和州（73%；115/158）法律并没有改变力度。
由于这些法律具有“粘性”——一旦法律通过，法律的力度和涵盖的场所就不会经常改变——政策制定者和倡导者应该专注于第一次通过强有力的法律，而不是为了以后更全面的法律而妥协。
