Microbiology Services Division, Health Protection Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
Int J Infect Dis. 2013 Nov;17(11):e1031-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.04.008. Epub 2013 Jun 12.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a virulent tick-borne disease reported in more than 30 countries across Europe, Africa, and Asia. The disease is considered endemic in several Central Asian countries, including Tajikistan; however reports of human cases from these regions rarely reach the West.
We analyzed all historical confirmed cases of CCHF in Tajikistan, mapping these reports against geographic data to assess risk areas. In addition, comprehensive analysis was undertaken on the 2010 human CCHF cohort to demonstrate effective methodologies for diagnosing this disease in-country.
These data show that CCHF is endemic in Tajikistan, and several large clusters have been recorded. Endemic foci of disease are localized to the southern region, with geographical factors such as altitude, monthly mean temperature, and monthly mean precipitation levels limiting establishment of tick vectors in other areas. Genomic analysis of viral RNA from a 2010 human case revealed high nucleotide homology (99%) to a strain isolated in Tajikistan in 1990.
CCHF is an important vector-borne and nosocomial pathogen in Tajikistan. The ability to rapidly detect cases using real-time RT-PCR shortly after admission in the hospital setting allows prompt implementation of barrier nursing techniques, therefore reducing onward transmission of the virus.
克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）是一种由蜱传播的烈性疾病，已在欧洲、非洲和亚洲的 30 多个国家报告。该病被认为是几个中亚国家（包括塔吉克斯坦）的地方病；然而，来自这些地区的人类病例报告很少传到西方。
我们分析了塔吉克斯坦所有历史上确诊的 CCHF 病例，将这些报告与地理数据相对照，以评估风险区域。此外，还对 2010 年人类 CCHF 队列进行了全面分析，以展示在该国诊断该病的有效方法。
这些数据表明，CCHF 在塔吉克斯坦流行，已经记录了几个大的聚集区。疾病的流行焦点位于南部地区，地理因素如海拔、月平均温度和月平均降水水平限制了蜱虫在其他地区的建立。对 2010 年人类病例的病毒 RNA 进行基因组分析显示，与 1990 年在塔吉克斯坦分离的菌株具有高度核苷酸同源性（99%）。
CCHF 是塔吉克斯坦重要的虫媒病和医院获得性病原体。在医院环境中，入院后不久即可使用实时 RT-PCR 快速检测病例，从而能够迅速实施屏障护理技术，从而减少病毒的进一步传播。
