Sandvig Kirsten, Skotland Tore, van Deurs Bo, Klokk Tove Irene
Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Histochem Cell Biol. 2013 Sep;140(3):317-26. doi: 10.1007/s00418-013-1111-z. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
A number of protein toxins from plants and bacteria take advantage of transport through the Golgi apparatus to gain entry into the cytosol where they exert their action. These toxins include the plant toxin ricin, the bacterial Shiga toxins, and cholera toxin. Such toxins bind to lipids or proteins at the cell surface, and they are endocytosed both by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent mechanisms. Sorting to the Golgi and retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are common to these toxins, but the exact mechanisms turn out to be toxin and cell-type dependent. In the ER, the enzymatically active part is released and then transported into the cytosol, exploiting components of the ER-associated degradation system. In this review, we will discuss transport of different protein toxins, but we will focus on factors involved in entry and sorting of ricin and Shiga toxin into and through the Golgi apparatus.
许多来自植物和细菌的蛋白质毒素利用通过高尔基体的转运进入胞质溶胶，在那里发挥其作用。这些毒素包括植物毒素蓖麻毒素、细菌志贺毒素和霍乱毒素。此类毒素在细胞表面与脂质或蛋白质结合，并通过网格蛋白依赖性和非依赖性机制被内吞。这些毒素通常会被分拣到高尔基体并逆向转运到内质网（ER），但其具体机制因毒素和细胞类型而异。在内质网中，酶活性部分被释放，然后利用内质网相关降解系统的成分转运到胞质溶胶中。在本综述中，我们将讨论不同蛋白质毒素的转运，但我们将重点关注蓖麻毒素和志贺毒素进入和通过高尔基体的过程中涉及的因素。
