Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Virology, Tygerberg Academic Hospital, NHLS and Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
Rev Med Virol. 2013 Sep;23(5):281-94. doi: 10.1002/rmv.1749. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
The viruses able to affect the eye are taxonomically diverse, ranging from double-stranded DNA viruses, to single stranded RNA viruses, to retroviruses. Any part of the eye may be affected, frequently producing blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, cataract and retinitis. The more common ocular viral infections include the Herpesviruses such as HSV-1, VZV and CMV. The HIV pandemic is placing a serious burden on ophthalmology clinics, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa as the number of viral ocular diseases is increasing. In particular, CMV retinitis is becoming more prevalent where antiretroviral therapy is not available and is replaced by immune-recovery uveitis where antiretrovirals are given. This review aims to improve knowledge of the common viral ocular diseases, their diagnosis and management, as well as the fairly uncommon viral ocular diseases that may also cause considerable morbidity.
能够影响眼睛的病毒在分类上多种多样，包括双链 DNA 病毒、单链 RNA 病毒和逆转录病毒。眼睛的任何部位都可能受到影响，通常会引起睑缘炎、结膜炎、角膜炎、葡萄膜炎、白内障和视网膜炎。更常见的眼部病毒感染包括单纯疱疹病毒 1 型（HSV-1）、水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）和巨细胞病毒（CMV）等疱疹病毒。艾滋病病毒（HIV）大流行给眼科诊所带来了严重负担，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲，因为病毒性眼部疾病的数量正在增加。特别是在无法获得抗逆转录病毒治疗的情况下，CMV 视网膜炎变得更为普遍，而在给予抗逆转录病毒治疗的情况下，免疫恢复性葡萄膜炎则更为常见。这篇综述旨在提高对常见病毒性眼部疾病及其诊断和治疗的认识，以及一些可能导致相当大发病率的罕见病毒性眼部疾病。
