Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Institute of Biochemistry, Schafmattstr. 18, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
Trends Microbiol. 2013 Aug;21(8):380-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2013.06.001. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are at the front line of defence against fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Together with physical barriers, such as mucus and a range of antimicrobial compounds, they constitute a major part of the intrinsic and innate immune systems. They have elaborate features, including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and specialized endocytic mechanisms, cytokines and chemokines, and the ability to call on reserves. As masters of manipulation and counter-attack, viruses shunt intrinsic and innate recognition, enter immune cells, and spread from these cells throughout an organism. Here, we review mechanisms by which viruses subvert endocytic and pathogen-sensing functions of macrophages and DCs, while highlighting possible strategic advantages of infecting cells normally tuned into pathogen destruction.
巨噬细胞和树突状细胞 (DC) 处于防御真菌、细菌和病毒的第一线。它们与物理屏障（如黏液和一系列抗菌化合物）一起构成固有和先天免疫系统的主要部分。它们具有精细的特征，包括模式识别受体 (PRR) 和专门的内吞机制、细胞因子和趋化因子，以及调用储备的能力。作为操纵和反击的大师，病毒回避固有和先天识别，进入免疫细胞，并从这些细胞传播到整个生物体。在这里，我们回顾了病毒颠覆巨噬细胞和 DC 的内吞和病原体感应功能的机制，同时强调了感染通常调谐为病原体破坏的细胞的可能战略优势。
