Onal Sumru, Tugal-Tutkun Ilknur, Neri Piergiorgio, P Herbort Carl
Department of Ophthalmology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey,
Int Ophthalmol. 2014 Apr;34(2):401-35. doi: 10.1007/s10792-013-9822-7. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact noninvasive technique that allows in vivo imaging of the retina, choroid, optic nerve head, retinal nerve fiber layer, and the anterior structures of the eye. It was introduced into clinical practice two decades ago. Advances in OCT technology have been achieved by searching ultra-high-resolution OCT, adaptive optics OCT, eye-tracking OCT, and changes in signal detection technique from time-domain (TD) to spectral-domain (SD) detection. Today, SD OCT has become a part of routine uveitis practice. Apart from its diagnostic value in uveitis, OCT has enabled objective assessment of treatment response and provided predictive value for visual recovery and prognosis of uveitic entities. It is the standard diagnostic technique in the detection, monitoring of treatment, and determination of prognosis in uveitic macular edema as well as other inflammatory macular pathologies, including epiretinal membrane formation, vitreomacular traction, foveal atrophy, and lamellar/full-thickness macular holes. OCT has also shed light on the pathophysiology of several posterior uveitic entities. SD OCT has enabled visualization of four lines in the sensory retina which represent the external limiting membrane, the photoreceptor inner and outer segment junction, the photoreceptor outer segment and the retina pigment epithelium junction, and the retina pigment epithelium-choriocapillaris complex. Thus, we have gained substantial information about the pathologic and structural changes in uveitic conditions with primary or secondary outer retinal involvement. SD OCT has also provided invaluable information on the inner retinal and the vitreoretinal interface changes in uveitic conditions. With the introduction of enhanced depth imaging, visualization of the choroid and choriocapillaries has become possible. Therefore, OCT has become an indispensible ancillary test in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory diseases involving the retina and/or the choroid. As OCT technology continues to develop further it will provide new insights into the retinal and choroidal structure and the pathogenesis of posterior uveitic entities.
光学相干断层扫描（OCT）是一种非接触、非侵入性技术，可对视网膜、脉络膜、视神经乳头、视网膜神经纤维层以及眼部前部结构进行活体成像。它于二十年前被引入临床实践。通过探索超高分辨率OCT、自适应光学OCT、眼动追踪OCT以及信号检测技术从时域（TD）到谱域（SD）检测的变化，OCT技术取得了进展。如今，SD OCT已成为葡萄膜炎常规诊疗的一部分。除了在葡萄膜炎中的诊断价值外，OCT还能够对治疗反应进行客观评估，并为葡萄膜炎相关疾病的视力恢复和预后提供预测价值。它是检测、监测治疗以及确定葡萄膜炎性黄斑水肿以及其他炎症性黄斑病变（包括视网膜前膜形成、玻璃体黄斑牵拉、黄斑萎缩以及板层/全层黄斑裂孔）预后的标准诊断技术。OCT还揭示了几种后部葡萄膜炎相关疾病的病理生理学。SD OCT能够显示感觉视网膜中的四条线，分别代表外界膜、光感受器内外段交界处、光感受器外段与视网膜色素上皮交界处以及视网膜色素上皮 - 脉络膜毛细血管复合体。因此，我们获得了有关原发性或继发性外层视网膜受累的葡萄膜炎性疾病中病理和结构变化的大量信息。SD OCT还提供了有关葡萄膜炎性疾病中视网膜内层和玻璃体视网膜界面变化的宝贵信息。随着增强深度成像的引入，脉络膜和脉络膜毛细血管的可视化成为可能。因此，OCT已成为诊断和管理涉及视网膜和/或脉络膜的炎症性疾病不可或缺的辅助检查。随着OCT技术的进一步不断发展，它将为视网膜和脉络膜结构以及后部葡萄膜炎相关疾病的发病机制提供新的见解。
