Bel-Serrat S, Mouratidou T, Jiménez-Pavón D, Huybrechts I, Cuenca-García M, Mistura L, Gottrand F, González-Gross M, Dallongeville J, Kafatos A, Manios Y, Stehle P, Kersting M, De Henauw S, Castillo Mj, Hallstrom L, Molnár D, Widhalm K, Marcos A, Moreno L A
'Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development' (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Pediatr Obes. 2014 Oct;9(5):401-10. doi: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00187.x. Epub 2013 Jul 15.
To identify those food groups best discriminating individuals at high/low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and to investigate the relationship between dairy consumption and CVD risk factors (individual and scores) in adolescents (12.5-17.5 years) from eight European cities participating in the cross-sectional (2006-2007) HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) project.
Diet, waist circumference, skin-folds thickness, systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed in 511 (49.9% boys) adolescents. Individual z-scores of CVD risk factors were summed to compute sex-specific clustered CVD risk scores.
Dairy emerged as the food group best discriminating adolescents at low/high CVD risk. In both genders, waist circumference and sum of skin-folds were inversely associated with consumption of milk and yogurt, and milk- and yogurt-based beverages, whereas a positive association was observed with CRF. Moreover, CVD risk score (β = -0.230, P = 0.001) was also inversely associated with overall dairy consumption only in girls.
Dairy consumption is associated with lower adiposity and higher CRF in these adolescents. An inverse association between CVD risk score and dairy consumption is also depicted in girls. The study adds further evidence to the scarce literature on the influence of milk and dairy products on adolescents' cardiovascular health.
在参与横断面研究（2006 - 2007年）的来自欧洲八个城市的青少年（12.5 - 17.5岁）中，确定最能区分心血管疾病（CVD）高/低风险个体的食物类别，并研究乳制品消费与CVD风险因素（个体因素和综合评分）之间的关系。该横断面研究是“欧洲青少年营养健康生活方式”（HELENA）项目的一部分。
对511名青少年（49.9%为男孩）进行了饮食、腰围、皮褶厚度、收缩压、胰岛素抵抗、甘油三酯、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白比值以及心肺适能（CRF）的评估。将CVD风险因素的个体z评分相加，计算出特定性别的聚类CVD风险评分。
乳制品成为最能区分CVD低/高风险青少年的食物类别。在男女两性中，腰围和皮褶厚度总和与牛奶、酸奶以及以牛奶和酸奶为基础的饮料的摄入量呈负相关，而与CRF呈正相关。此外，仅在女孩中，CVD风险评分（β = -0.230，P = 0.001）也与总体乳制品摄入量呈负相关。
在这些青少年中，乳制品消费与较低的肥胖程度和较高的CRF相关。女孩中也呈现出CVD风险评分与乳制品消费之间的负相关。该研究为关于牛奶和乳制品对青少年心血管健康影响的稀缺文献增添了更多证据。
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