Madrid-MIT M+Visión Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
J Biomed Opt. 2013 Jul;18(7):076017. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.18.7.076017.
While color video endoscopy has enabled wide-field examination of the gastrointestinal tract, it often misses or incorrectly classifies lesions. Many of these missed lesions exhibit characteristic three-dimensional surface topographies. An endoscopic system that adds topographical measurements to conventional color imagery could therefore increase lesion detection and improve classification accuracy. We introduce photometric stereo endoscopy (PSE), a technique which allows high spatial frequency components of surface topography to be acquired simultaneously with conventional two-dimensional color imagery. We implement this technique in an endoscopic form factor and demonstrate that it can acquire the topography of small features with complex geometries and heterogeneous optical properties. PSE imaging of ex vivo human gastrointestinal tissue shows that surface topography measurements enable differentiation of abnormal shapes from surrounding normal tissue. Together, these results confirm that the topographical measurements can be obtained with relatively simple hardware in an endoscopic form factor, and suggest the potential of PSE to improve lesion detection and classification in gastrointestinal imaging.
虽然彩色视频内镜检查已经能够对胃肠道进行广泛的检查，但它经常会遗漏或错误分类病变。这些遗漏的病变中有许多表现出特征性的三维表面形貌。因此，一种在内窥镜系统中添加地形测量值的技术，可以增加病变检测的敏感性并提高分类的准确性。我们引入了光度立体内镜检查（PSE），这是一种可以同时获取表面形貌的高空间频率分量和传统二维彩色图像的技术。我们将这种技术实现为一种内窥镜形式，并证明它可以获取具有复杂几何形状和不均匀光学特性的小特征的地形。对离体人体胃肠道组织的 PSE 成像表明，表面形貌测量值可以将异常形状与周围正常组织区分开来。这些结果共同证实，相对简单的硬件可以在内窥镜形式中获取地形测量值，并且提示 PSE 有潜力改善胃肠道成像中的病变检测和分类。
