Second Prop. Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece.
Curr Med Res Opin. 2013 Oct;29(10):1263-74. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2013.827566. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
Cigarette smoking, active or passive, kills about 6 million people each year worldwide. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 40% of all smoking-related deaths, lung cancer accounts for 20% of all smoking-related deaths, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to another 20% of deaths. In this narrative review we consider the relationship between cigarette smoking and CVD. We discuss disease states and/or CVD risk factors related to smoking, such as dyslipidaemia, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as their complex interrelations. Smoking cessation can correct abnormalities related to smoking; however, success rates are relatively low. In cases of inability to quit, measures to minimize the adverse effects of smoking specifically related to CVD should be taken. Smokers should receive best practice treatment, according to guidelines, as for non-smokers.
吸烟，无论是主动还是被动，每年在全球范围内导致约 600 万人死亡。心血管疾病（CVD）占所有与吸烟相关死亡的 40%，肺癌占所有与吸烟相关死亡的 20%，慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）导致另外 20%的死亡。在本次叙述性综述中，我们考虑了吸烟与 CVD 的关系。我们讨论了与吸烟相关的疾病状态和/或 CVD 风险因素，如血脂异常、血管炎症、内皮功能障碍、动脉僵硬、胰岛素抵抗、2 型糖尿病（T2DM）、慢性肾脏病（CKD）和非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD），以及它们之间复杂的相互关系。戒烟可以纠正与吸烟相关的异常；然而，成功率相对较低。在无法戒烟的情况下，应采取措施尽量减少与 CVD 具体相关的吸烟的不良影响。吸烟者应根据指南接受与非吸烟者相同的最佳实践治疗。
