Natesan Vijayakumar
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1396:255-273. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_17.
Metabolic diseases have important effects on the health and healthcare costs of an individual. It adversely affects various body processes. Metabolic diseases are characterized as the accumulation of many conditions that collectively increase a person's risk of atherosclerotic coronary disease, insulin, and diabetes mellitus intolerance, as well as vascular and neurological complications, such as stroke. Rare metabolic disease has also been reported in literatures and clinical research. Understanding the history and causes of the disease, associated symptoms, disease severity, physical and vital evaluations, etc. is recommended to provide or improve some appropriate therapeutic measure. The experience with patients starts with a critical and general presentation to a healthcare provider that may indicate potential conditions such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic diseases. The main factors in the treatment and management of metabolic disorders are lifestyle changes. Whenever behavioral changes are not effective or cannot be implemented, pharmacotherapies should be initiated including for most of the rare diseases. Moreover, pharmaceutical molecules are the very commonly used therapies. The prospect of therapy through gene transfer into somatic cells unlocks a new field of treatment and opportunity for people affected by these genetic conditions. Like other medical treatments, many gene therapies can relieve some, though not every indications of a specific disease, which can increase patients' quality of life. Hormone-based therapies are also implemented in the treatment of metabolic diseases. It has been suggested to use herbal extracts with different forms of nano-drug delivery techniques, such as nanobiocomposites, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, green-synthesized gold, zinc oxide, and silver nanoparticles.
代谢性疾病对个人的健康和医疗成本有重要影响。它会对身体的各种进程产生不利影响。代谢性疾病的特征是多种病症的累积，这些病症共同增加了一个人患动脉粥样硬化性冠状动脉疾病、胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病不耐受的风险，以及血管和神经并发症，如中风。文献和临床研究中也报道了罕见的代谢性疾病。建议了解疾病的病史、病因、相关症状、疾病严重程度、身体和生命体征评估等，以提供或改进一些适当的治疗措施。对患者的诊治始于向医疗服务提供者进行关键且全面的陈述，这可能提示诸如血脂异常、高血压和代谢性疾病等潜在病症。代谢紊乱治疗和管理的主要因素是生活方式的改变。每当行为改变无效或无法实施时，就应启动药物治疗，包括针对大多数罕见疾病的治疗。此外，药物分子是非常常用的治疗方法。通过基因转移到体细胞进行治疗的前景为受这些遗传疾病影响的人们开启了一个新的治疗领域和机会。与其他医学治疗一样，许多基因疗法可以缓解某些特定疾病的症状，尽管不是全部症状，这可以提高患者的生活质量。基于激素的疗法也用于代谢性疾病的治疗。有人建议使用具有不同形式纳米药物递送技术的草药提取物，如纳米生物复合材料、固体脂质纳米颗粒、纳米乳液、绿色合成的金、氧化锌和银纳米颗粒。
