Figueiredo-Ferraz H, Gil-Monte P R, Olivares-Faúndez V E
Unidad de Investigación Psicosocial de la Conducta Organizacional (UNIPSICO), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2015 Jan;59(1):39-47. doi: 10.1111/jir.12084. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
The problem of mobbing has attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years. This concern has increased the study of the phenomena, which has resulted in many scientific publications. Mobbing has been characterised as an emerging risk at work. The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyse the influence of mobbing on depressive symptoms in a sample of employees working with people with intellectual disabilities (ID).
The sample consisted of 372 Spanish employees working with people with ID at 61 job centres in the Valencian Community (Spain). Seventy-nine (21.2%) participants were men, and 293 were (78.8%) women. Mobbing was evaluated by the Mobbing-UNIPSICO scale, and depressive symptoms were measured using the Zung Self Rating Depression Scale. Using analyses of variance (anova), we tested the differences in depressive symptoms according to the mobbing criteria indicated by Leymann, that is, frequency and duration at Time 1 and Time 2.
Employees who met the mobbing criteria: frequency (at least once a week) and duration (at least 6 months) at the two study times presented significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms than employees who met mobbing criteria at Time 1, but did not meet any criteria for mobbing at Time 2, and employees who did not meet any criteria for mobbing at Time 1 or Time 2.
We conclude that permanence of mobbing from Time 1 to Time 2 increases depressive symptoms.
在过去几年中，职场暴力问题已引起了广泛关注。这种关注促使了对该现象的研究，从而产生了许多科学出版物。职场暴力已被视为工作中的一种新风险。本纵向研究的目的是分析职场暴力对在智障人士服务机构工作的员工样本中抑郁症状的影响。
样本包括西班牙巴伦西亚自治区61个工作中心的372名与智障人士共事的员工。79名（21.2%）参与者为男性，293名（78.8%）为女性。使用职场暴力-联合国大学心理量表评估职场暴力，使用zung自评抑郁量表测量抑郁症状。我们采用方差分析（anova），根据莱曼提出的职场暴力标准，即第1次和第2次的频率和持续时间，测试抑郁症状的差异。
在两个研究时间点符合职场暴力标准（频率：至少每周一次；持续时间：至少6个月）的员工，其抑郁症状水平显著高于在第1次符合职场暴力标准但在第2次不符合任何职场暴力标准的员工，以及在第1次或第2次均不符合任何职场暴力标准的员工。
我们得出结论，从第1次到第2次职场暴力的持续存在会增加抑郁症状。
