Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence School of Medicine, Florence, Italy.
PLoS One. 2013 Jul 29;8(7):e69537. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069537. Print 2013.
Cysticercosis is caused by the invasion of human or pig tissues by the metacestode larval stage of Taenia solium. In Europe, the disease was endemic in the past but the autochthonous natural life cycle of the parasite is currently completed very rarely. Recently, imported cases have increased in parallel to the increased number of migrations and international travels. The lack of specific surveillance systems for cysticercosis leads to underestimation of the epidemiological and clinical impacts.
To review the available data on epidemiology and management of cysticercosis in Europe.
A review of literature on human cysticercosis and T. solium taeniasis in Europe published between 1990-2011 was conducted.
Out of 846 cysticercosis cases described in the literature, 522 cases were autochthonous and 324 cases were imported. The majority (70.1%) of the autochthonous cases were diagnosed in Portugal from 1983 and 1994. Imported cases of which 242 (74.7%) diagnosed in migrants and 57 (17.6%) in European travellers, showed an increasing trend. Most of imported cases were acquired in Latin America (69.8% of migrants and 44.0% of travellers). The majority of imported cases were diagnosed in Spain (47.5%), France (16.7%) and Italy (8.3%). One third of neurosurgical procedures were performed because the suspected diagnosis was cerebral neoplasm. Sixty eight autochthonous and 5 imported T. solium taeniasis cases were reported.
Cysticercosis remains a challenge for European care providers, since they are often poorly aware of this infection and have little familiarity in managing this disease. Cysticercosis should be included among mandatory reportable diseases, in order to improve the accuracy of epidemiological information. European health care providers might benefit from a transfer of knowledge from colleagues working in endemic areas and the development of shared diagnostic and therapeutic processes would have impact on the quality of the European health systems.
囊虫病是由猪带绦虫幼虫期的蚴虫侵入人体或猪组织引起的。在欧洲，该病过去流行，但寄生虫的本地自然生活史目前很少完成。最近，随着移民和国际旅行的增加，输入性病例也在增加。由于缺乏对囊虫病的专门监测系统，导致对其流行病学和临床影响的低估。
回顾欧洲囊虫病的流行病学和治疗现状。
对 1990 年至 2011 年间发表的有关欧洲人类囊虫病和猪带绦虫带绦虫病的文献进行了回顾。
在文献中描述的 846 例囊虫病病例中，522 例为本地病例，324 例为输入性病例。大多数（70.1%）本地病例是在 1983 年至 1994 年期间在葡萄牙确诊的。输入性病例中，242 例（74.7%）为移民，57 例（17.6%）为欧洲旅行者，呈上升趋势。大多数输入性病例是在拉丁美洲获得的（移民的 69.8%和旅行者的 44.0%）。输入性病例多数在西班牙（47.5%）、法国（16.7%）和意大利（8.3%）确诊。三分之一的神经外科手术是因为疑似脑肿瘤而进行的。报告了 68 例本地和 5 例输入性猪带绦虫带绦虫病病例。
囊虫病仍然是欧洲医疗保健提供者面临的挑战，因为他们往往对这种感染认识不足，对这种疾病的处理也不太熟悉。囊虫病应作为强制性报告疾病之一，以提高流行病学信息的准确性。欧洲医疗保健提供者可能受益于向在流行地区工作的同事传授知识，并制定共同的诊断和治疗方案，这将对欧洲卫生系统的质量产生影响。
