Chelchowska Magdalena, Ambroszkiewicz Jadwiga, Jablonka-Salach Katarzyna, Gajewska Joanna, Maciejewski Tomasz M, Bulska Ewa, Laskowska-Klita Teresa, Leibschang Jerzy
Screening Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland,
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013 Nov;155(2):169-75. doi: 10.1007/s12011-013-9775-8. Epub 2013 Aug 10.
To assess the effect of lead exposure from cigarette smoke on fetal growth, blood lead concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 150 healthy pregnant women. Mean lead concentrations in plasma and whole blood were significantly higher in the smoking group compared with the nonsmoking group in each trimester of pregnancy (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed the highest impact of the number of cigarettes smoked per day for serum lead concentration (β = 0.238; p < 0.05), while in whole blood, it was duration of smoking before conception (β = 0.297; p < 0.001). Birth weight of the smoking mothers' infants was significantly lower (mean ± SEM, 3,192 ± 50.8 and 3,569 ± 49.6 g, respectively; p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with lead levels in plasma (r = -0.38; p < 0.001) and in whole blood (r = -0.27; p < 0.001). Therefore, it is suggested that smoking during pregnancy increases lead concentrations in maternal blood. Fetal exposure to low doses of lead in utero may be a serious risk factor causing lower birth weight.
为评估香烟烟雾中的铅暴露对胎儿生长的影响，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对150名健康孕妇的血铅浓度进行了测量。在孕期的每个阶段，吸烟组血浆和全血中的平均铅浓度均显著高于非吸烟组（p < 0.001）。逻辑回归分析显示，每日吸烟量对血清铅浓度的影响最大（β = 0.238；p < 0.05），而在全血中，孕前吸烟时长的影响最大（β = 0.297；p < 0.001）。吸烟母亲所生婴儿的出生体重显著较低（平均值±标准误分别为3,192 ± 50.8和3,569 ± 49.6 g；p < 0.001），且与血浆铅水平（r = -0.38；p < 0.001）和全血铅水平（r = -0.27；p < 0.001）呈负相关。因此，提示孕期吸烟会增加母体血液中的铅浓度。胎儿在子宫内暴露于低剂量铅可能是导致出生体重降低的严重危险因素。
