School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Aug 20;110 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):14088-95. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212742110. Epub 2013 Aug 12.
How do people develop and maintain their beliefs about science? Decades of social science research exist to help us answer this question. The Integrated Model of Communication Influence on Beliefs presented here combines multiple theories that have considered aspects of this process into a comprehensive model to explain how individuals arrive at their scientific beliefs. In this article, we (i) summarize what is known about how science is presented in various news and entertainment media forms; (ii) describe how individuals differ in their choices to be exposed to various forms and sources of communication; (iii) discuss the implications of how individuals mentally process information on the effects of communication; (iv) consider how communication effects can be altered depending on background characteristics and motivations of individuals; and (v) emphasize that the process of belief formation is not unidirectional but rather, feeds back on itself over time. We conclude by applying the Integrated Model of Communication Influence on Beliefs to the complex issue of beliefs about climate change.
人们如何形成和维持他们对科学的信念？数十年来的社会科学研究致力于帮助我们回答这个问题。这里提出的“沟通对信念影响的综合模型”将考虑这一过程各个方面的多个理论结合到一个综合模型中，以解释个体如何形成他们的科学信念。在本文中，我们：(i)总结了关于科学在各种新闻和娱乐媒体形式中呈现方式的已知内容；(ii)描述了个体在选择接触各种形式和来源的沟通时的差异；(iii)讨论了个体在心理处理信息方面的差异对沟通效果的影响；(iv)考虑了如何根据个体的背景特征和动机来改变沟通效果；以及 (v)强调信念形成的过程不是单向的，而是随着时间的推移会自我反馈。最后，我们将“沟通对信念影响的综合模型”应用于气候变化信念这一复杂问题。
