Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: Ethics in the Neurosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Aug 20;110 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):14102-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212745110. Epub 2013 Aug 12.
The present article presents an up-to-date account of the current media relations of scientists, based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant surveys. The evidence suggests that most scientists consider visibility in the media important and responding to journalists a professional duty--an attitude that is reinforced by universities and other science organizations. Scientific communities continue to regulate media contacts with their members by certain norms that compete with the motivating and regulating influences of public information departments. Most scientists assume a two-arena model with a gap between the arenas of internal scientific and public communication. They want to meet the public in the public arena, not in the arena of internal scientific communication. Despite obvious changes in science and in the media system, the orientations of scientists toward the media, as well as the patterns of interaction with journalists, have their roots in the early 1980s. Although there is more influence on public communication from the science organizations and more emphasis on strategic considerations today, the available data do not indicate abrupt changes in communication practices or in the relevant beliefs and attitudes of scientists in the past 30 y. Changes in the science-media interface may be expected from the ongoing structural transformation of the public communication system. However, as yet, there is little evidence of an erosion of the dominant orientation toward the public and public communication within the younger generation of scientists.
本文基于对相关调查的综合分析，呈现了科学家当前媒体关系的最新情况。有证据表明，大多数科学家认为在媒体上的可见度很重要，回应记者是一种职业责任——这种态度得到了大学和其他科学组织的强化。科学界继续通过某些规范来规范与成员的媒体接触，这些规范与公共信息部门的激励和规范影响相竞争。大多数科学家假设存在一个双领域模型，内部科学传播和公共传播领域之间存在差距。他们希望在公共领域与公众接触，而不是在内部科学传播领域。尽管科学和媒体系统发生了明显的变化，但科学家对媒体的取向以及与记者互动的模式都可以追溯到 20 世纪 80 年代初。尽管今天科学组织对公共传播的影响更大，对战略考虑的重视程度更高，但现有数据并未表明过去 30 年来传播实践或科学家相关信念和态度发生了突然变化。随着公共传播系统的持续结构转型，科学-媒体界面可能会发生变化。然而，目前几乎没有证据表明年轻一代科学家对公众和公共传播的主导取向正在减弱。
