Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2013 Aug 7;8(8):e70535. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070535. eCollection 2013.
A healthy dietary pattern defined by international recommendations of the World Health Organisation (WHO) has been shown to reduce overall mortality risk. It is unknown whether this healthy dietary pattern is associated with overall cancer incidence.
In total 35,355 men and women within the Dutch European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-cohort were followed for cancer occurrence. Diet was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. We computed a dietary score for all participants based on the seven WHO dietary guidelines for the prevention of chronic diseases (Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI)). We used the existing HDI score based on the 1990 WHO guidelines, and adapted it to meet with the 2002 WHO guidelines. Multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to examine the association between adherence to the HDI and subsequent overall cancer risk.
A number of 3,007 new cancers were identified during a mean follow-up of 12.7 years. Adherence to the HDI was not associated with a reduced overall cancer risk. The hazard ratio (HR) of overall cancer associated with a one-point increment of the HDI was 0.96 (95% CI 0.89-1.03) in men, and 1.00 (95% CI 0.96-1.04) in women. Adherence to the HDI was not associated with smoking-related cancer ((HR men: 0.94 (95% CI 0.84-1.04); HR women: 1.00 (95% CI 0.94-1.07)), or alcohol-related cancer ((HR men: 1.02 (95% CI 0.87-1.20); HR women: 1.03 (95% CI 0.98-1.08)).
Greater adherence to the WHO's Healthy Diet Indicator, a dietary pattern for prevention of chronic diseases, was not associated with reduced overall, smoking-related or alcohol-related cancer risk in men or women.
世界卫生组织（WHO）的国际建议定义的健康饮食模式已被证明可降低整体死亡风险。目前尚不清楚这种健康饮食模式是否与整体癌症发病率有关。
荷兰欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性研究队列中的 35355 名男性和女性参与者的癌症发病情况进行了随访。通过经过验证的食物频率问卷评估饮食。我们根据世界卫生组织预防慢性病的 7 条饮食指南（健康饮食指标（HDI））为所有参与者计算了饮食评分。我们使用基于 1990 年世界卫生组织指南的现有 HDI 评分，并对其进行了调整以符合 2002 年世界卫生组织指南。多变量调整的 Cox 比例风险分析用于检查 HDI 依从性与随后的总体癌症风险之间的关联。
在平均 12.7 年的随访期间，共发现 3007 例新发癌症。HDI 的依从性与降低总体癌症风险无关。HDI 每增加一个单位，男性的总体癌症风险比（HR）为 0.96（95%CI 0.89-1.03），女性为 1.00（95%CI 0.96-1.04）。HDI 的依从性与与吸烟相关的癌症无关（男性 HR：0.94（95%CI 0.84-1.04）；女性 HR：1.00（95%CI 0.94-1.07））或与酒精相关的癌症（男性 HR：1.02（95%CI 0.87-1.20）；女性 HR：1.03（95%CI 0.98-1.08））。
在男性或女性中，对世界卫生组织健康饮食指标（预防慢性病的饮食模式）的依从性越高，与整体、与吸烟相关或与酒精相关的癌症风险降低无关。
