Connell Lauren E, Francis Lori A
Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University.
Health Psychol. 2014 Aug;33(8):757-64. doi: 10.1037/hea0000014. Epub 2013 Aug 26.
This study sought to determine whether parenting style moderates the effects of delay of gratification on body mass index (BMI) trajectories from ages 4-15 years.
Longitudinal data were analyzed for 778 children drawn from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Parenting style (i.e., authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful) was created from measures of mothers' sensitivity and expectations for self-control when children were age 4 years. Self-regulation was also measured at 4 years using a well-known delay of gratification protocol. BMI was calculated from measured height and weight at each time point. Mixed modeling was used to test the interaction of parenting styles and ability to delay gratification on BMI trajectories from 4-15 years.
There was a significant interaction effect of parenting and ability to delay on BMI growth from 4-15 years for boys. Boys who had authoritarian mothers and failed to delay gratification had a significantly steeper rate of growth in BMI from childhood through adolescence than children in any other parenting by delay group.
Authoritative and permissive parenting styles were protective against more rapid BMI gains for boys who could not delay gratification. Ability to delay gratification was protective against BMI gains for boys who had parents with authoritarian or neglectful parenting styles.
本研究旨在确定养育方式是否会调节4至15岁儿童延迟满足对体重指数（BMI）轨迹的影响。
对从早期儿童保育与青少年发展研究中抽取的778名儿童的纵向数据进行了分析。养育方式（即权威型、专制型、放任型和忽视型）是根据儿童4岁时母亲的敏感性和对自我控制的期望的测量结果得出的。4岁时还使用著名的延迟满足方案对自我调节进行了测量。BMI是根据每个时间点测量的身高和体重计算得出的。使用混合模型来测试养育方式与延迟满足能力对4至15岁BMI轨迹的交互作用。
对于男孩，养育方式与延迟满足能力对4至15岁BMI增长存在显著的交互作用。母亲为专制型且未能延迟满足的男孩，从童年到青春期的BMI增长率明显高于其他任何养育方式与延迟满足组合的儿童。
对于无法延迟满足的男孩，权威型和放任型养育方式可防止BMI更快增加。对于父母采用专制型或忽视型养育方式的男孩，延迟满足能力可防止BMI增加。
