Graham Dan J, Linde Jennifer A, Cousins Julie M, Jeffery Robert W
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,
J Prim Prev. 2013 Dec;34(6):413-22. doi: 10.1007/s10935-013-0323-2.
Environmental modifications have been shown to increase short-term stair use, longer-term success is unclear. This study assessed the 2-year effectiveness of an environmental intervention promoting worksite stair use. We assessed stair use at work by means of self-reports and infrared beam counters (which send a safe and invisible beam of infrared light from one side of a stairwell to a reflector on the other side; when an individual uses the stairs, the infrared beam is disrupted and an instance of stair use is recorded) at six worksites (three intervention, three control) in a group randomized, controlled worksite weight-gain prevention trial in Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN. Intervention modifications were signs encouraging stair use, music, and art posters in stairwells. We collected data before environmental modifications (2006-2007) and at the end of the 2-year intervention (2008-2009). The intervention had a significant positive effect on stair use measured both objectively and via self-report, with greatest increases reported among those participants who used the stairs least at baseline. Following 2-years of continuously-maintained stairwell modifications, increases in both objectively-measured and self-reported stair use were significantly larger at intervention than control worksites. Study findings suggest that the positive impact of environmental modifications on stair use persist over a longer time period than has been previously demonstrated. Results also indicate that infrequent stair users may be most amenable to the behavior changes encouraged by these environmental enhancements.
环境改造已被证明能增加短期内楼梯的使用，但长期效果尚不清楚。本研究评估了一项促进工作场所楼梯使用的环境干预措施的两年有效性。在明尼阿波利斯/圣保罗市（明尼苏达州）进行的一项群组随机对照工作场所体重增加预防试验中，我们通过自我报告和红外光束计数器（从楼梯间一侧向另一侧的反射器发射安全且不可见的红外光束；当有人使用楼梯时，红外光束被打断，楼梯使用情况被记录下来）评估了六个工作场所（三个干预场所，三个对照场所）的工作时楼梯使用情况。干预措施包括在楼梯间张贴鼓励使用楼梯的标识、播放音乐以及张贴艺术海报。我们在环境改造前（2006 - 2007年）和为期两年的干预结束时（2008 - 2009年）收集了数据。该干预措施对通过客观测量和自我报告得出的楼梯使用情况均有显著的积极影响，在基线时楼梯使用最少的参与者中报告的增加幅度最大。经过两年持续进行的楼梯间改造，干预场所客观测量和自我报告的楼梯使用增加量均显著大于对照场所。研究结果表明，环境改造对楼梯使用的积极影响在比之前所证明的更长时间段内持续存在。结果还表明，不常使用楼梯的人可能最容易受到这些环境改善措施所鼓励的行为改变的影响。
