Hannoufa Abdelali, Pillai Bhinu V S, Chellamma Sreekala
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada,
Transgenic Res. 2014 Feb;23(1):39-52. doi: 10.1007/s11248-013-9742-3. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
The ultimate value of the Brassica napus (canola) seed is derived from the oil fraction, which has long been recognized for its premium dietary attributes, including its low level of saturated fatty acids, high content of monounsaturated fatty acids, and favorable omega-3 fatty acid profile. However, the protein (meal) portion of the seed has also received favorable attention for its essential amino acids, including abundance of sulfur-containing amino acids, such that B. napus protein is being contemplated for large scale use in livestock and fish feed formulations. Efforts to optimize the composition of B. napus oil and protein fractions are well documented; therefore, this article will review research concerned with optimizing secondary metabolites that affect the quality of seed oil and meal, from undesirable anti-nutritional factors to highl value beneficial products. The biological, agronomic, and economic values attributed to secondary metabolites have brought much needed attention to those in Brassica oilseeds and other crops. This review focuses on increasing levels of beneficial endogenous secondary metabolites (such as carotenoids, choline and tochopherols) and decreasing undesirable antinutritional factors (glucosinolates, sinapine and phytate). Molecular genetic approaches are given emphasis relative to classical breeding.
甘蓝型油菜种子的终极价值源于其油分，长期以来，该油分因其优质的膳食特性而受到认可，包括饱和脂肪酸含量低、单不饱和脂肪酸含量高以及有利的ω-3脂肪酸组成。然而，种子的蛋白质（粕）部分也因其必需氨基酸，包括丰富的含硫氨基酸而受到关注，因此甘蓝型油菜蛋白正被考虑大规模用于牲畜和鱼类饲料配方。优化甘蓝型油菜油分和蛋白质部分组成的努力已有充分记录；因此，本文将综述有关优化影响种子油和粕品质的次生代谢产物的研究，从不理想的抗营养因子到高价值的有益产品。次生代谢产物的生物学、农艺学和经济价值已引起人们对油菜籽和其他作物中次生代谢产物的迫切关注。本综述着重于提高有益内源性次生代谢产物（如类胡萝卜素、胆碱和生育酚）的含量，并减少不良抗营养因子（硫代葡萄糖苷、芥子碱和植酸）。相对于传统育种，分子遗传学方法受到重视。
