Walker Celia G, Browning Lucy M, Mander Adrian P, Madden Jackie, West Annette L, Calder Philip C, Jebb Susan A
Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
MRC Biostatistics Unit, Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Institute of Public Health, University Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2014 Feb;111(4):679-89. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513002985. Epub 2013 Sep 24.
The aim of the present study was to determine whether age and sex influence both the status and incorporation of EPA and DHA into blood plasma, cells and tissues. The study was a double-blind, randomised, controlled intervention trial, providing EPA plus DHA equivalent to 0, 1, 2 or 4 portions of oily fish per week for 12 months. The participants were stratified by age and sex. A linear regression model was used to analyse baseline outcomes, with covariates for age or sex groups and by adjusting for BMI. The change in outcomes from baseline to 12 months was analysed with additional adjustment for treatment and average compliance. Fatty acid profiles in plasma phosphatidylcholine, cholesteryl esters, NEFA and TAG, mononuclear cells (MNC), erythrocyte membranes, platelets, buccal cells (BU) and adipose tissue (AT) were determined. At baseline, EPA concentrations in plasma NEFA and DHA concentrations in MNC, BU and AT were higher in females than in males (all P< 0·05). The concentrations of EPA in AT (P= 0·003) and those of DHA in plasma TAG (P< 0·01) and AT (P< 0·001) were higher with increasing age. Following 12-month supplementation with EPA plus DHA, adjusted mean difference for change in EPA concentrations in plasma TAG was significantly higher in females than in males (P< 0·05) and was greater with increasing age (P= 0·02). Adjusted mean difference for change in DHA concentrations in AT was significantly smaller with increasing age (P= 0·02). Although small differences in incorporation with age and sex were identified, these were not of sufficient magnitude to warrant a move away from population-level diet recommendations for n-3 PUFA.
本研究的目的是确定年龄和性别是否会影响二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）在血浆、细胞及组织中的状态与摄取情况。该研究为双盲、随机、对照干预试验，为期12个月，每周提供相当于0、1、2或4份油性鱼类的EPA加DHA。参与者按年龄和性别分层。采用线性回归模型分析基线结果，并对年龄或性别组的协变量以及体重指数（BMI）进行调整。对从基线到12个月的结果变化进行分析时，额外对治疗和平均依从性进行了调整。测定了血浆磷脂酰胆碱、胆固醇酯、非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）和甘油三酯（TAG）、单核细胞（MNC）、红细胞膜、血小板、颊细胞（BU）和脂肪组织（AT）中的脂肪酸谱。在基线时，女性血浆NEFA中的EPA浓度以及MNC、BU和AT中的DHA浓度高于男性（均P<0.05）。随着年龄增长，AT中的EPA浓度（P=0.003）、血浆TAG中的DHA浓度（P<0.01）以及AT中的DHA浓度（P<0.001）均升高。在补充EPA加DHA 12个月后，血浆TAG中EPA浓度变化的调整后平均差异在女性中显著高于男性（P<0.05），且随着年龄增长而增大（P=0.02）。AT中DHA浓度变化的调整后平均差异随着年龄增长显著减小（P=0.02）。尽管已确定年龄和性别在摄取方面存在微小差异，但这些差异的幅度不足以促使我们偏离针对n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的人群水平饮食建议。
