Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
Immunobiology. 2014 Mar;219(3):172-8. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.09.001. Epub 2013 Sep 8.
Macrophages, and more broadly inflammation, have been considered for a long time as bad markers of tissue homeostasis. However, if it is indisputable that macrophages are associated with many diseases in a deleterious way, new roles have emerged, showing beneficial properties of macrophages during tissue repair and regeneration. This discrepancy is likely due to the high plasticity of macrophages, which may exhibit a wide range of phenotypes and functions depending on their environment. Therefore, regardless of their role in immunity, macrophages play a myriad of roles in the maintenance and recovery of tissue homeostasis. They take a major part in the resolution of inflammation. They also exert various effects of parenchymal cells, including stem and progenitor cell, of which they regulate the fate. In the present review, few examples from various tissues are presented to illustrate that, beyond their specific properties in a given tissue, common features have been described that sustain a role of macrophages in the recovery and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
巨噬细胞，更广泛地说炎症，长期以来一直被认为是组织动态平衡的不良标志物。然而，如果说巨噬细胞与许多疾病的发生都存在有害联系是无可争议的，那么新的作用也已经出现，表明巨噬细胞在组织修复和再生过程中具有有益的特性。这种差异可能是由于巨噬细胞的高度可塑性所致，根据其所处的环境，巨噬细胞可能表现出广泛的表型和功能。因此，无论其在免疫中的作用如何，巨噬细胞在维持和恢复组织动态平衡方面都发挥着多种作用。它们在炎症的消退中起着重要作用。它们还对实质细胞（包括干细胞和祖细胞）发挥各种影响，调控其命运。在本综述中，介绍了来自不同组织的一些例子来说明，除了它们在特定组织中的特定特性外，还描述了一些共同的特征，这些特征支持巨噬细胞在组织动态平衡的恢复和维持中的作用。
