高脂和低脂乳制品对心血管代谢危险因素的影响：随机研究的荟萃分析。
Effects of high and low fat dairy food on cardio-metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized studies.
机构信息
Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2013 Oct 11;8(10):e76480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076480. eCollection 2013.
IMPORTANCE
Clear guidelines on the health effects of dairy food are important given the high prevalence of obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and increasing global consumption of dairy food.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of increased dairy food on cardio metabolic risk factors.
DATA SOURCES
Searches were performed until April 2013 using MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google,Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, reference lists of articles, and proceedings of major meetings.
STUDY SELECTION
Randomized controlled studies with healthy adults randomized to increased dairy food for more than one month without additional interventions.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
A standard list was used to extract descriptive, methodological and key variables from all eligible studies. If data was not included in the published report corresponding authors were contacted.
RESULTS
20 studies with 1677 participants with a median duration of dietary change of 26 (IQR 10-39) weeks and mean increase in dairy food intake of 3.6 (SD 0.92) serves/day were included. Increased dairy food intake was associated with a modest weight gain (+0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.84kg, p<0.0001) but no significant change in waist circumference (0.35 , -0.75 to 1.45 cm); insulin resistance (HOMA –IR -0.94 , -1.93 to 0.05 units); fasting glucose (0.87, -0.27 to 2.01 mg/dl); LDL-cholesterol (1.36 ,-2.38 to 5.09 mg/dl); HDL-cholesterol (0.45, -2.13 to 3.04 mg/dl); systolic (-0.13, -1.73 to 1.98 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (0.13, -1.73 to 1.98 mmHg) or C-reactive protein (-0.08, -0.63 to 0.48 mg/L). Results were similar for studies with low-fat and whole-fat dairy interventions.
LIMITATIONS
Most clinical trials were small and of modest quality. .
CONCLUSION
Increasing whole fat and low fat dairy food consumption increases weight but has minor effects on other cardio-metabolic risk factors.
TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000401752, http://www.anzctr.org.au.
ETHICS APPROVAL NUMBER
NTX/10/11/115.
重要性
鉴于肥胖症、心血管疾病和糖尿病的高发率以及全球乳制品消费的不断增加，制定关于乳制品对健康影响的明确指南非常重要。
目的
评估增加乳制品摄入对心血管代谢危险因素的影响。
数据来源
使用 MEDLINE、Science Direct、Google、Embase、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库、文章参考文献列表和主要会议记录进行了直到 2013 年 4 月的检索。
研究选择
随机对照试验，将健康成年人随机分为增加乳制品摄入组，干预时间超过一个月且无其他干预措施。
数据提取和综合
使用标准清单从所有合格研究中提取描述性、方法学和关键变量。如果在已发表的报告中未包含数据，则联系相应的作者。
结果
纳入了 20 项研究，共有 1677 名参与者，饮食改变的中位时间为 26（IQR 10-39）周，乳制品摄入量平均增加 3.6（SD 0.92）份/天。增加乳制品摄入与体重适度增加相关（+0.59，95%置信区间 0.34 至 0.84kg，p<0.0001），但腰围无显著变化（0.35，-0.75 至 1.45cm）；胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR -0.94，-1.93 至 0.05 单位）；空腹血糖（0.87，-0.27 至 2.01mg/dl）；LDL-胆固醇（1.36，-2.38 至 5.09mg/dl）；HDL-胆固醇（0.45，-2.13 至 3.04mg/dl）；收缩压（-0.13，-1.73 至 1.98mmHg）和舒张压（0.13，-1.73 至 1.98mmHg）或 C 反应蛋白（-0.08，-0.63 至 0.48mg/L）。低脂和全脂乳制品干预的研究结果相似。
局限性
大多数临床试验规模较小且质量中等。
结论
增加全脂和低脂乳制品的摄入会增加体重，但对其他心血管代谢危险因素的影响较小。
试验注册
澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验注册 ACTRN12613000401752，http://www.anzctr.org.au。
伦理批准文号
NTX/10/11/115。
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