Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education - University of Coimbra , Portugal.
J Sports Sci Med. 2011 Sep 1;10(3):458-64. eCollection 2011.
Excellent performance in sport has a strong positive relationship with the accumulated hours of practice. The specialization years are seen as a decisive moment to lift the skill level, athletic readiness and commitment but the selection and orientation of talent has been strongly dependent of biological and motor variables. The purpose of this study is to describe the achievement and motivation variables that can explain the belonging to an elite competitive level of young basketball players. Eighty-two basketball players under 16 years fulfilled the WOFO Questionnaire (Spence and Helmreich, 1983), and an adapted version of the DPMQ (De Bruin, Rikers and Schmidt, 2007). Forty players (mean age 15. 8 ± 0.96) were engaged in high performance centres and forty-two (mean age 15.6 ± 1.01) played in national level clubs. A decision tree and a random forest analysis between elite and national level players were performed. The most discriminant variable was Will to Excel, with 85,2% true positives in elite or national level. Mastery and competitiveness did not enter the final model. The will to reach excellence in performance can be considered as a condition to engage in more specialized and demanding practice. The assessment of the path to expertise only through motor variables or through the accumulated hours of deliberate practice is limited and can lead to mistaken identification or orientation of young sport talents. The use of a more comprehensive model is needed. Key pointsExcellent performance in sport has a strong positive relationship with the accumulated hours of practice.It seems reasonable that if the young athletes are better selected, have better training conditions and practice and compete more time with better teammates and opponents, the chance of becoming competent adult athletes is greater.A self orientation to excellence may play a crucial role in persistence in practice, in order to achieve higher standards in competition.The specific motivation that underpins participation at different levels and help the coaches to be sensitive to non-biological or non-functional variables, leading to a better knowledge and caring of the adolescents they teach.The assessment of the path to expertise only through motor variables or through the accumulated hours of deliberate practice is limited and can lead to mistaken identification or orientation of young sport talents.
优异的运动表现与积累的练习时间密切相关。专业化阶段被视为提高技能水平、竞技准备和投入的决定性时刻，但人才的选拔和培养一直强烈依赖于生物和运动变量。本研究旨在描述可以解释年轻篮球运动员进入精英竞技水平的成就和动机变量。82 名 16 岁以下的篮球运动员填写了 WOFO 问卷（Spence 和 Helmreich，1983）和改编版的 DPMQ（De Bruin、Rikers 和 Schmidt，2007）。40 名运动员（平均年龄 15.8±0.96）在高水平中心训练，42 名运动员（平均年龄 15.6±1.01）在国家级俱乐部打球。对精英和国家级运动员进行了决策树和随机森林分析。最具判别力的变量是卓越意愿，在精英或国家级中准确率为 85.2%。掌握和竞争力未进入最终模型。在表现上追求卓越的意愿可以被视为参与更专业和苛刻的练习的条件。仅通过运动变量或通过刻意练习的累计时间来评估专业发展的道路是有限的，可能导致对年轻体育人才的错误识别或培养方向。需要使用更全面的模型。关键点运动表现优异与练习时间的积累呈正相关。如果年轻运动员选拔更好，训练条件更好，练习和比赛时间更长，与更好的队友和对手竞争，那么他们成为有能力的成年运动员的机会就更大。自我导向卓越可能在实践中的坚持中发挥关键作用，以在竞争中达到更高的标准。不同水平的参与所依赖的特定动机，并帮助教练对非生物或非功能变量敏感，从而更好地了解和关心他们所教的青少年。仅通过运动变量或通过刻意练习的累计时间来评估专业发展的道路是有限的，可能导致对年轻体育人才的错误识别或培养方向。
