Helsen W F, Hodges N J, Van Winckel J, Starkes J L
Department of Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
J Sports Sci. 2000 Sep;18(9):727-36. doi: 10.1080/02640410050120104.
Here we consider the potential contributions of talent, physical precocity and deliberate practice in the development of soccer expertise. After presenting a working definition of 'talent', we examine how coaches perceive and select potential talent. Our findings suggest that much of what coaches see as early talent may be explained by physical precocity associated with a relative age advantage. Finally, as a test of the model of Deliberate Practice, we review the results of studies that assessed the progress of international, national and provincial players based on accumulated practice, amount of practice per week and relative importance and demands of various practice and everyday activities. A positive linear relationship was found between accumulated individual plus team practice and skill. Various practical suggestions can be made to improve talent detection and selection and to optimize career practice patterns in soccer.
在此，我们探讨天赋、身体早熟和刻意练习在足球专业技能发展中的潜在作用。在给出“天赋”的实用定义后，我们研究教练如何识别和选拔潜在人才。我们的研究结果表明，教练所认为的许多早期天赋可能可以用与相对年龄优势相关的身体早熟来解释。最后，作为对刻意练习模型的检验，我们回顾了一些研究结果，这些研究根据累计练习量、每周练习量以及各种练习和日常活动的相对重要性和要求，评估了国际、国家和省级球员的进步情况。研究发现，个人和团队累计练习与技能之间存在正线性关系。针对足球领域，我们可以提出各种实用建议，以改进人才的发现和选拔，并优化职业练习模式。
