Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Universität Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-2300, Kiel, FRG.
Microb Ecol. 1988 Jul;16(1):99-113. doi: 10.1007/BF02097408.
Factors affecting viable cell counts in groundwater or sediments were studied with samples from the Segeberg Forest test area in northern Germany. There was very little variation in results with the season (April, August, November) or depth of sampling; generally there were 10(3)-10(4) aerobic cells per ml or g sediment. Long incubation times resulted in higher cell counts; groundwater samples required 4-5 weeks, and sediment extracts had to be cultured for 7 weeks. Total cell counts in sediment were 10(2)-10(4) cell/g higher than viable cell counts of aerobes. This was explained partly by the additional presence of anaerobes and partly by the observation that some morphotypes may not have grown under our conditions. Viable cell counts were not influenced by cell extraction from the sediment with either Na-pyrophosphate or groundwater extracts. However, iron-precipitating or manganese-oxidizing bacteria were better extracted with sterile groundwater. The microflora of wells was more numerous than that of the free aquifer; consequently it was better to pump off all well water before aquifer water was sampled. The diameter of the well was also important; thinner tubes had higher cell counts than those with wider diameter. For sampling, wells should be at least 1 year old, since young wells contain higher numbers of microorganisms due to underground disturbances from the drilling. Turbid water samples could be clarified by filtration, but this reduced the viable counts by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Two different media inoculated with a sample dilution resulted in the same cell counts, but their microbial diversity was different. Storage of groundwater samples before processing resulted in up to 17-fold increases in cell counts and loss of diversity in the first 24 hours. Cell numbers decreased slowly during longer storage.
用来自德国北部 Segeberg 森林试验区的地下水或沉积物样本研究了影响活菌计数的因素。结果受季节（4 月、8 月、11 月）或采样深度的影响很小；通常每毫升或克沉积物中有 10(3)-10(4)个需氧细胞。长时间孵育会导致更高的细胞计数；地下水样本需要 4-5 周，沉积物提取物需要培养 7 周。沉积物中的总细胞计数比好氧菌的活菌计数高 10(2)-10(4)细胞/g。这部分是由于厌氧菌的额外存在，部分是由于观察到一些形态型可能在我们的条件下没有生长。从沉积物中用焦磷酸钠或地下水提取物提取细胞不会影响活菌计数。然而，无菌地下水更有利于提取铁沉淀或锰氧化菌。水井的微生物群落比自由含水层的微生物群落更多；因此，在采集含水层水之前，最好先抽出所有井水。井的直径也很重要；较细的管子比直径较大的管子具有更高的细胞计数。对于采样，井至少应有 1 年的历史，因为由于钻井引起的地下干扰，年轻的井中会含有更多的微生物。浑浊的水样可以通过过滤澄清，但这会使活菌计数降低 1-2 个数量级。用样品稀释液接种的两种不同培养基会导致相同的细胞计数，但它们的微生物多样性不同。在处理前储存地下水样本会导致细胞计数增加 17 倍，并在最初的 24 小时内丧失多样性。在较长时间的储存过程中，细胞数量会缓慢减少。
