Agostini P S, Fahey A G, Manzanilla E G, O'Doherty J V, de Blas C, Gasa J
1Grup de Nutrició,Maneig i Benestar Animal,Department de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,08193 Bellaterra,Spain.
2School of Agriculture and Food Science,University College Dublin,Dublin 4,Belfield,Ireland.
Animal. 2014 Aug;8(8):1312-8. doi: 10.1017/S1751731113001912. Epub 2013 Nov 7.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of animal management and farm facilities on total feed intake (TFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality rate (MORT) of grower-finishing pigs. In total, 310 batches from 244 grower-finishing farms, consisting of 454 855 Pietrain sired pigs in six Spanish pig companies were used. Data collection consisted of a survey on management practices (season of placement, split-sex by pens, number of pig origins, water source in the farm, initial or final BW) and facilities (floor, feeder, ventilation or number of animals placed) during 2008 and 2009. Results indicated that batches of pigs placed between January and March had higher TFI (P=0.006), FCR (P=0.005) and MORT (P=0.03) than those placed between July and September. Moreover, batches of pigs placed between April and June had lower MORT (P=0.003) than those placed between January and March. Batches which had split-sex pens had lower TFI (P=0.001) and better FCR (P<0.001) than those with mixed-sex in pens; pigs fed with a single-space feeder with incorporated drinker also had the lowest TFI (P<0.001) and best FCR (P<0.001) in comparison to single and multi-space feeders without a drinker. Pigs placed in pens with <50% slatted floors presented an improvement in FCR (P<0.05) than pens with 50% or more slatted floors. Batches filled with pigs from multiple origins had higher MORT (P<0.001) than those from a single origin. Pigs housed in barns that performed manual ventilation control presented higher MORT (P<0.001) in comparison to automatic ventilation. The regression analysis also indicated that pigs which entered to grower-finisher facilities with higher initial BW had lower MORT (P<0.05) and finally pigs which were sent to slaughterhouse with a higher final BW presented higher TFI (P<0.001). The variables selected for each dependent variable explained 61.9%, 24.8% and 20.4% of the total variability for TFI, FCR and MORT, respectively. This study indicates that farms can increase growth performance and reduce mortality by improving farm facilities and/or modifying management practices.
本研究的目的是确定养殖管理和农场设施对生长育肥猪的总采食量（TFI）、饲料转化率（FCR）和死亡率（MORT）的影响。总共使用了来自244个生长育肥猪场的310批次猪，这些猪由西班牙6家养猪公司的454855头皮特兰猪组成。数据收集包括对2008年和2009年期间的管理实践（入栏季节、按栏分性别、猪的来源数量、农场水源、初始或最终体重）和设施（地面、饲喂器、通风或存栏动物数量）进行调查。结果表明，1月至3月入栏的猪批次比7月至9月入栏的猪批次具有更高的总采食量（P = 0.006）、饲料转化率（P = 0.005）和死亡率（P = 0.03）。此外，4月至6月入栏的猪批次比1月至3月入栏的猪批次死亡率更低（P = 0.003）。与栏内混养性别的猪批次相比，按栏分性别的猪批次总采食量更低（P = 0.001），饲料转化率更好（P < 0.001）；与不带饮水器的单空间和多空间饲喂器相比，配备一体式饮水器的单空间饲喂器饲喂的猪总采食量也最低（P < 0.001），饲料转化率最佳（P < 0.001）。与板条地面占50%或更多的栏舍相比，板条地面占比小于50%的栏舍中猪的饲料转化率有所提高（P < 0.05）。来自多个来源的猪批次比单一来源的猪批次死亡率更高（P < 0.001）。与自动通风的猪舍相比，采用人工通风控制的猪舍中猪的死亡率更高（P < 0.001）。回归分析还表明，初始体重较高进入生长育肥设施的猪死亡率较低（P < 0.05），最终体重较高被送去屠宰场的猪总采食量更高（P < 0.001）。为每个因变量选择的变量分别解释了总采食量、饲料转化率和死亡率总变异性的61.9%、24.8%和20.4%。本研究表明，农场可以通过改善农场设施和/或改变管理实践来提高生长性能并降低死亡率。
