N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, B-333, Moscow, USSR.
Theor Appl Genet. 1989 Jun;77(6):881-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00268342.
Polymorphism and inheritance of wheat storage protein, gliadin, of durum (macaroni) and carthlicum wheats have been studied. Analysis of gliadin in 78 cultivars and in F2 seeds of intercultivar crosses of durum wheat revealed three different chromosome 1A-encoded blocks of components similar to those found in common wheat (GLD1A2, GLD1A18, GLD1A19). Most of the durum cultivars studied had these three blocks; GLD1A2 was also frequent in common wheat. In contrast, all chromosome 1B-encoded blocks of durum clearly differed in component composition from those found in common wheat. Therefore, durum could not be an ancestor or a derivate of recent bread wheat. Analysis of gliadin in the collection of carthlicum wheat (14 accessions) revealed several suspected chromosome 1A, 1B, and 6A-controlled blocks, some of which were similar to those in common wheat, while others were different. Therefore, carthlicum is likely to be an ancestor or a derivate of some forms of bread wheat. There were also chromosome 1A and 6A-, but not 1B-encoded blocks which were identical in durum and carthlicum wheats. The results confirm that all three wheats share the same genome A, but emphasize the heterogeneity of genotypes among donors of this genome. Discovery of identical blocks in tetraploids and hexaploids indicates polyphyletic [from different genotypes of donor (s)] origin of these wheats.
对硬质小麦（通心粉）和卡里奇小麦的麦谷蛋白（醇溶蛋白）的多态性和遗传进行了研究。对 78 个品种以及硬质小麦种间杂交 F2 种子中的醇溶蛋白进行分析，发现有三个不同的 1A 染色体编码区，这些区编码的成分类似于普通小麦中的 GLD1A2、GLD1A18 和 GLD1A19。所研究的大多数硬质小麦品种都具有这三个区；GLD1A2 在普通小麦中也很常见。相比之下，所有 1B 染色体编码的硬质小麦区在成分组成上与普通小麦明显不同。因此，硬质小麦不可能是近期面包小麦的祖先或衍生物。对卡里奇小麦（14 个品系）的醇溶蛋白分析显示，有几个疑似 1A、1B 和 6A 控制的区，其中一些与普通小麦相似，而另一些则不同。因此，卡里奇小麦可能是一些面包小麦形式的祖先或衍生物。还有一些 1A 和 6A 区，但没有 1B 编码区，在硬质小麦和卡里奇小麦中是相同的。这些结果证实了这三种小麦都具有相同的 A 基因组，但强调了该基因组供体之间基因型的异质性。在四倍体和六倍体中发现相同的区表明，这些小麦的起源是多系的（来自不同供体的基因型）。
