From the *Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; †TMIT, Austin, Texas; ‡Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; §Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; ∥Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida; ¶U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland; **Department of Quality and Safety, American College of Radiology, Reston, Virginia; ††Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and ‡‡U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland.
J Patient Saf. 2013 Dec;9(4):232-8. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0b013e3182a8c2c4.
Radiation awareness and protection of patients have been the fundamental responsibilities in diagnostic imaging since the discovery of x-rays late in 1895 and the first reports of radiation injury in 1896. In the ensuing years, there have been significant advancements in equipment that uses either x-rays to form images, such as fluoroscopy or computed tomography (CT), or the types of radiation emitted during nuclear imaging procedures (e.g., positron emission tomography [PET]). These advancements have allowed detailed and indispensable evaluation of a vast array of disorders. In fact, in 2001, CT and MRI were cited by physicians as the most significant medical innovations in the previous 3 decades. Rapid technological advancements in the last decade with CT, especially, have required imaging professionals to keep pace with increasingly complex technology to derive the maximum benefits of improved image acquisition and display techniques, in essence, the improved quality of the examination. It has also been challenging to fulfill the fundamental responsibilities of safety during this period of rapid growth (e.g., radiation protection, management of the risk of additional interventions driven by incidental findings, performing studies that were not indicated). The purpose of this paper is to define critical issues pertinent to ensuring patient safety through the appropriate assessment, recording, monitoring, and reporting of the radiation dose from CT.
自 1895 年末发现 X 射线和 1896 年首次报道辐射损伤以来，辐射意识和对患者的保护一直是诊断成像中的基本责任。在随后的几年中，使用 X 射线形成图像的设备（如透视或计算机断层扫描 [CT]）或核成像过程中发射的辐射类型（如正电子发射断层扫描 [PET]）都取得了重大进展。这些进展使得对各种疾病进行详细和不可或缺的评估成为可能。事实上，在 2001 年，医生将 CT 和 MRI 列为过去 30 年中最重要的医学创新。过去十年中 CT 的技术飞速发展，要求影像专业人员跟上日益复杂的技术步伐，以从改进的图像采集和显示技术中获得最大的益处，本质上是提高检查质量。在这个快速发展的时期，履行安全的基本责任也具有挑战性（例如，辐射防护、管理由偶然发现引起的额外干预的风险、进行无指征的研究）。本文的目的是定义与通过适当评估、记录、监测和报告 CT 辐射剂量来确保患者安全相关的关键问题。
